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URabindranath Tagore, umbongi odumileyo waseBengali, umzobi, imvumi, umphandi waseAyurveda kunye nepolymath wazalwa ngomhla we-7 kuCanzibe ngo-1861. Udla ngokubizwa ngokuba nguGurudev, Kabiguru noBiswakabi ngabantu abathandayo. Ngexesha lokugqibela kwenkulungwane ye-19 nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, waphinda walwakha ngokutsha uncwadi lwaseBengali, umculo kunye nobugcisa. Ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe, silapha kunye nenyani malunga nembongi eyaziwayo. Skrolela ezantsi kwinqaku ukuze ufunde ngakumbi.
1. URabindranath Tagore wazalwa njengoRobindronath Thakur kubazali uDebendranath Tagore kunye noSarda Devi. Wayengoyena mncinci kubantwana abalishumi elinesithathu abasaphilayo kwesi sibini. Igama lakhe lesilwanyana sasinguRabi.
Mbini. UTagore wayesemncinci kakhulu xa umama wakhe uSarda Devi wasweleka ngo-1875. Wakhuliswa ke zizicaka zakhe kunye nomgcini wosapho.
3. Intsapho yaseTagore ekuqaleni yayiphethe ifani uKushari njengoko yayihlala kwilali egama linguKush wesithili saseBardhaman eKolkata.
Zine. Utata kaTagore wonyula iimvumi zaseDhrupad ukuba zize ekhaya kwaye baqeqeshe abantwana ngomculo weklasikhi waseIndiya. Umkhuluwa wakhe omkhulu uDwijendranath waba sisithandi sobulumko kunye nembongi ngelixa omnye umntakwabo uSatyendranath waba yi-Indiya yokuqala yokujoyina i-All-European Indian Civil Services.
5. Emva kokuguqula iminyaka eli-11 ubudala, uRabindranath Tagore waya kukhenketho lwe-All-India kunye notata wakhe. Utyelele eShantiniketan, kwilifa likayise kwaye wahlala malunga nenyanga eAmritsar. Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe eAmritsar, uTagore wayechaphazeleke kakhulu nguNanak Bani kunye noGurbani efundwa kwiNdlu yeGolide. Wayekhe wayikhankanya kwincwadi yakhe, ukukhumbula kwam, 'Itempile yegolide yaseAmritsar ibuyela kum njengephupha. Uninzi lweentsasa bendihamba notata ukuya kule Gurudarbar yamaSikh embindini wechibi. Apho iimvumi ezingcwele zivakala ngokuqhubekayo. Ubawo, wayehleli phakathi kwenginginya yabanquli, ngamanye amaxesha wayedibanisa ilizwi lakhe kwingoma yendumiso, kwaye ukufumana umntu ongamaziyo engena kwimithandazo yabo babeya kuthanda ngokuzithandela, kwaye sasibuya siphethe iminikelo engcwele yeekristale zeswekile kunye nezinye iilekese. . '
6. Ngeminyaka eli-16 ubudala, u-Tagore wapapasha iseti yakhe yokuqala yemibongo ebalulekileyo phantsi kwegama elibizwa ngokuba yi-Bhanusimha.
7. Ngo-1877, uTagore wenza ibali elifutshane eligama elithi 'Bhikharini' elithetha umfazi ocelayo.
8. Ngo-1878, uTagore wabhaliswa kwisikolo sikarhulumente eBrighton, e-East Sussex, eNgilani njengoko utata wakhe wayefuna ukuba abe ngummeli. Wahlala apho endlwini yeyosapho lwaseHove naseBrighton.
9. Wafunda umthetho e-University College yaseLondon okwexeshana xa wayephuma eyokufunda ngokuzimeleyo imidlalo kaShakespeare efana no-Antony noCleopatra kunye noCoriolanus. Uye wafunda no-Religio Medici ngu-Thomas Browne.
10. Ngo-1880, wabuyela eBengal engagqibanga ukufunda. Uye emva koko waqamba imibongo, wabhala amabali kunye neenoveli. Nangona imisebenzi yakhe ingakhange ifumane ngqwalaselo kwilizwe liphela, wafumana impendulo enkulu eBengal.
Shumi elinanye. Kwakungunyaka we-1883 xa wayetshatile u-10 u-Bhabtarini Devi owathi kamva wabizwa njengo-Mrinalini Devi. Esi sibini kamva sasikelelwa ngabantwana abahlanu. Nangona kunjalo, ababini kubo bafa ebuntwaneni babo kuphela.
12 . Kungekudala uRabindranath Tagore wafudukela eShelaidaha, indawo yakhe yookhokho (namhlanje eBangladesh) ngo-1890. Ngo-1898, umfazi nabantwana bakhe bamthelela eShelaidaha. U-Tagore kunye nosapho lwakhe bachitha ixesha elide kule ndawo kwaye babhala neminye imibongo yakhe emikhulu.
13. Ngelixa wayehlala eShelaidaha, wayehlala eqokelela iirenti kwaye enceda abantu belali. Wayehlobana neelali ezininzi.
14. Ixesha lika-1891 ukuya ku-1895, laziwa ngokuba lixesha likaSaghana likaSadhana. Kungenxa yokuba kule minyaka wabhala amabali nemibongo emininzi. Oku kwabizwa ngegama lelinye lamaphephancwadi akhe athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu.
Shumi elinantlanu. Ngo-1901, uRabindranath Tagore wathuthela eSantiniketan, indawo eseNtshona Bengal. Apho wafumana, iMandir, isikolo sokulinga kunye ne-ashram eneholo lokuthandazela. Le yindawo apho wafela khona umfazi kunye nabantwana bakhe ababini. Emva kwexesha ngo-1905, utata kaTagore wasweleka.
16. Incwadi yakhe ethi Gitanjali, ethetha ukunikela ngengoma, yakhutshwa ngo-1912. Le ncwadi yaduma kakhulu. Nanamhlanje le ncwadi ithandwa kakhulu.
17. Kwakungo-Novemba ngo-1913 xa uTagore efumene ibhaso likaNobel kuLwazi loncwadi, yiyo ke loo nto waba ngowokuqala engengowaseYurophu ukuphumelela eli bhaso. Eli wonga beligxile kumsebenzi wakhe iGitanjali.
18. UTagore wabuyeka ubukrelekrele bakhe awabunikwa nguKing George V ngo-1915 iMbeko yokuzalwa emva kokubulawa kwabantu eJallianwala Bagh ngo-1919. Esi siganeko senzeka ngomhla we-13 kuTshazimpuzi esabulala amawakawaka abantu abamsulwa.
19. U-Tagore wabhala iidrama ezithandwayo nezithandwa kakhulu. Ezinye zazo yiValmiki Pratibha, Visarjan eyayilungiselelwe inoveli iRajarshi, iDak Ghar kunye neRaktakarabi. IVisarjan kuthiwa yenye yeemidlalo zeRabindranath Tagore. Uye wabhala amabali amafutshane ahlukeneyo, iingoma, imidlalo yokudanisa kunye neenoveli.
Amashumi amabini. Kwiminyaka engama-80, uRabindranath Tagore wasweleka nge-7 ka-Agasti 1941, eCalcutta, kwi-Ofisi kaMongameli wase-Bengal (namhlanje, Kolkata, West Bengal, India).
