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E-Indiya, ukukhupha isisu kusemthethweni phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, apho kunokwenziwa khona kude kube ziiveki ezingama-24 zokukhulelwa. Ukukhupha isisu okunyanzelekileyo kuxa umntu obhinqileyo ekhulelwa ngokuzithandela evela kumnikezeli ngenkonzo. Ukuqhomfa okuzenzekelayo kukuphulukana nokukhulelwa komfazi ngaphambi kweveki yama-20, ekuthiwa kukuphuphuma kwesisu [1] .
Ngokwamayeza, ukukhupha isisu kudweliswe kathathu, ukukhupha isisu okukhuselekileyo, ukukhupha isisu okungakhuselekanga kakhulu kunye nokuqhomfa okungakhuselekanga. Ukuqhomfa okukhuselekileyo kubonelelwa ngabasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo kunye neendlela ezicetyiswa yi-WHO ukukhupha isisu okungakhuselekanga kakhulu kwenziwa ngababoneleli abaqeqeshiweyo besebenzisa iindlela zokungakhathali / ezingakhuselekanga okanye ukusebenzisa indlela ekhuselekileyo kodwa ngaphandle kolwazi olwaneleyo okanye inkxaso evela kumntu oqeqeshiweyo. Kwaye ukukhupha isisu okukhuselekileyo kwenziwa ngumboneleli oqeqeshiweyo esebenzisa iindlela ezinobungozi, ezingenayo [Mbini] .
Ukuqhomfa akufuneki kwenziwe ngokubanzi, njengoko kuchaphazela wonke umntu wasetyhini ngokwahlukileyo [3] . Rhoqo, ukukhupha isisu kunokuba ngamava ahluke ngokupheleleyo kwabasetyhini abakwenzayo xa kuthelekiswa nabantu ababangqongileyo. Ukunyanga ngokwasemphefumlweni nangokweemvakalelo inkqubo yonyango inokuba nayo kumfazi inokwahluka, kwaye abanye befumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kwabanye, kunokuba yinto ebuhlungu kakhulu neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho emzimbeni luye kufikelela kwinqanaba lokuba balonakalise ngokusisigxina eli bhinqa.
Ibala elibonakalayo malunga nesihloko sokukhupha isisu linciphisile isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuxoxa ngendima yokuqhomfa kwimpilo yabasetyhini, uninzi lwabasetyhini abenza olu tshintsho bengafuni okanye besilela ukuxoxa ngale micimbi nabanye nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi ukuqonda ukuba yintoni bayadlula.
Ngale nqaku, sizamile ukonyusa ulwazi malunga notshintsho oluqhelekileyo olunokwenzeka emzimbeni womntu obhinqileyo (nasengqondweni) emva kokukhupha isisu kunye nendlela onokuthi ulawule ngayo ngokukuko iimpawu zokubathintela ekungcoliseni ngokwasemzimbeni nangokomzimba phambili.
Iziphumo zomzimba zokuQhomfa
1. Ukudumba okanye Ukuthantamisa Kwiisifuba
Xa owasetyhini ekhulelwe, umzimba wakhe uzilungiselela uxanduva oluzayo lokukhulisa umntwana. Oku kubandakanya utshintsho lwehomoni olukhuthaza ukukhula kwamathambo ebele. Ngenxa yoku, amabele ayathamba kwaye adumbe ngexesha lokukhulelwa [Mbini] .
Kwaye xa owasetyhini ekhupha isisu, kuthatha umzimba wakhe iiveki ezininzi ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Ngenxa yoko, amabele anokuhlala ethambile kwaye edumbile iiveki. Olu lolunye lwezona nguqu zixhaphakileyo uninzi lwabasetyhini oluvakala kakhulu emva kokukhulelwa kwabo.
Nangona kunjalo, akunqabile ukuba namava okuncancisa, okt ukugcinwa kobisi olusuka emabeleni, ukukhupha isisu, ngakumbi ukuba ukukhulelwa kunqunyanyiswe kamva. Zombini ukuthamba kunye nokuncancisa ziimpendulo zendalo zomzimba ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Banokubonakala emva kokuqhomfa [3] .
2. Iikram
Umntu unokufumana iicramps kungekudala emva kokukhupha isisu okanye ngokuthe ngcembe, ngamanye amaxesha, okanye ngokuqhubekayo. Njengokuba isibeleko sibuyela kubungakanani bayo obuqhelekileyo emva kokuqhomfa, isisu sowasetyhini sinokuziva ngathi siyacunuka. Kunokubakho nezinye izizathu zekram. Ukanti, kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ziyingozi kwaye zinokupheliswa kusetyenziswa amayeza amiselweyo ngugqirha [4] .
3. Ukopha
Kwabafazi abathile, ngenxa yotshintsho lwehomoni, ukubamba emva kokukhupha isisu kuhamba nokopha okanye ukubonwa [5] . Ukopha akunakuqala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala, kodwa kunokuhlala naphakathi kweeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6 nje ukuba kuqala. Nangona inokuncedwa ngamayeza, ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi okunzima kuyaqhubeka ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-3, kuya kufuneka undwendwele esibhedlele kwangoko.
4. Umqolo obuhlungu
Abasetyhini banokufumana iintlungu zangasemva rhoqo, ngexesha kunye nasemva kokuqhomfa. Le ntlungu ibhekisele kwingingqi ekufutshane nomsila. Imisebenzi elula njengokuhlala ixesha elide inokubonakala inzima [6] . Iintlungu zangasemva zinokupheliswa ngamayeza, umthambo ofanelekileyo kunye nokutya okusempilweni okucetyiswa ngugqirha wakho okanye isondlo.
5. Ukufumana ubunzima
Umfazi unokufumana ubunzima emva kokuqhomfa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Enye yazo kukuba kuye kube nzima ukuba umzimba uyeke ukuzalisa ngesiqu sawo esitsha. Kweminye, izizathu zinokuba neemvakalelo [7] .
6. Ukuqhinwa
Ukuphulukana kwegazi ngexesha lonyango kunokufuna ukuba usebenzise izongezo zentsimbi ezimiselwe ngugqirha ukubuyekeza igazi elilahlekileyo kwaye uhlale usempilweni, okunokubangela ukuqhina [8] . Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naziphi na izinto zokuthambisa ukunqanda ukuqhina, nceda uqhagamshelane nogqirha wakho kwaye uqiniseke ukuba kukhuselekile kuwe njengomzimba wakho.
7. UkuShenxiswa Kwamabhinqa
Emva kokukhupha isisu, zimbini iintlobo zokukhupha kwilungu lobufazi-uhlobo lwencindi kunye nomdaka ukuya kumbala omnyama. Ayisiyonto inokukhathaza oko kuba iyimpendulo yendalo yomzimba, indlela ezihlambulula ngayo [9] . Kodwa, ukuba ukukhutshwa kunuka kakubi, kufana nobofu, kuyarhawuzelela, okanye kuhamba nefiva, kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha.
8. Ukudumba kunye nokuqina kwesisu
Emva kokuphuma kwesisu, isisu okanye isisu sowasetyhini sinokuziva ngathi sidumbile okanye siqinile. Ngelixa ezi zinto zombini zibonakala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, utshintsho olwahlukileyo olwenzeka emzimbeni emva kokuphela kokukhulelwa kunokubangela ukuba oku kudumba kuqhubeke ixesha elide de umzimba ubuyele esiqhelweni. Ngapha koko, ukuba unengxaki yokuqhinwa ngenxa yeetafile zentsimbi, uya kuziva ngathi uyadumba kwaye unzima.
9. Ubuhlungu Ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo
Emva kokukhupha isisu, umlomo wesibeleko uba buhlungu. Ubuncinci, linda iiveki ezi-1 okanye ezi-2 ngaphambi kokuba uphinde uzonwabise ngesondo, kuba ukudakumba kunokubangela iintlungu ezigqithisileyo.
Iziphumo zeemvakalelo zokuKhupha isisu
Njengoko izifundo zibonisa, umfazi unokufumana uluhlu lweemvakalelo emva kokukhupha isisu. Umntu unokuziva ekhululekile okanye elusizi, okanye ingxubevange yazo zombini, apho uninzi lwabasetyhini luziva ukuba luye lwangena ekudakaleni oku, enyanisweni, kukhanyisa ukukhanya ngokubaluleka konyango kunye nokucebisa kwabasetyhini ngaphambi nangemva kokukhupha isisu [10] .
10. Ukudakumba emva kokubeleka (i-PPD)
I-PPD yenye yezona zinto zoyikekayo emva kweziphumo zokuqhomfa. Xa ukukhulelwa kunqunyanyiswa ngequbuliso, ngaphambi kwendlela yesiqhelo, iihomoni zomzimba ziba nokothuka kwinqanaba. Indlela entsha yokusebenza kwehomoni ezininzi, ngakumbi i-Oxytocin, ihlala ithatha ixesha elide ukubuyela kwindlela ebiyiyo [Shumi elinanye] . Oku kunokuba negalelo kuxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka koomama abaye bakhupha isisu [12] . Ukudakumba emva kwesithuba yimeko apho umama anokuhlangabezana nazo zonke okanye uninzi lweempawu zoxinzelelo.
Iinkolelo ngokwenkolo, iingxaki zobudlelwane, kunye nokubekwa amabala kwezentlalo kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima kubantu basetyhini ukumelana, ngakumbi ukuba abanamntu wokuzityand 'igila. Kwiimeko ezininzi, njengoko ixesha lihamba, ezi mvakalelo zingathandekiyo ziya kuphela ngongenelelo lwangexesha kunye nenkxaso.
Ngokwe-American Pregnancy Association, iimvakalelo eziqhelekileyo ezingathandekiyo kubafazi emva kokuqhomfa zibandakanya ezi zilandelayo [13] :
- Ukuziva unetyala
- Umsindo
- Iintloni
- Ukuzisola okanye ukuzisola
- Ukuphulukana nokuzithemba okanye ukuzithemba
- Ukuziva ulilolo kwaye ulilolo
- Iingxaki zokulala namaphupha amabi
- Iingxaki zobudlelwane
- Iingcinga zokuzibulala
PHAWULA : Ukuba iingcinga zokuzibulala okanye ukuzenzakalisa kwenzeka, umntu kufuneka afune uncedo olukhawulezileyo.
Iingcali ikakhulu zidibanisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuqhomfa ngokuchaza chimerism encinci. Xa umntwana esesibelekweni, umama nosana batshintshisa inani elincinci leeseli ezithile. Ke ngoko, nasemva kokuphela kokukhulelwa (okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuqhomfa), umama akahlukanga ngokupheleleyo emntwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, iiseli okanye iinxalenye zayo zihlala ngaphakathi kuye ubomi bakhe bonke.
Izifundo zamva nje zichaze ukuba kukho isidingo sokwenza uphando ngakumbi ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo naluphi na unxibelelwano phakathi kokupheliswa kokukhulelwa kunye noxinzelelo [14] .
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaqhelekanga zokukhupha isisu
Ukuba owasetyhini unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile [Shumi elinantlanu] .
- Ukopha ngamandla okuqhubekayo
- Iimpawu ezinzima (ezingahambi kunye nababulali beentlungu)
- Ukugodola kunye nomkhuhlane we-101 ° F okanye ngaphezulu emva komhla
- Isihlunu, ukugabha kunye / okanye urhudo oluhlala ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24
- Ukufa isiqaqa
- Ukukhutshwa kwilungu lobufazi (elinuka kakubi)
- Ukudinwa, ukugula kwasekuseni, okanye ukuthamba kwebele ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini emva kwenkqubo
Kwinqaku lokugqibela…
Ngokwe-Comprehensive Abortion Care (CAC), ungenelelo olwenziweyo ukuthintela ukusweleka komama okanye ukonzakala kubonisa ukuba 'abasetyhini kufuneka bakwazi ukufikelela kukhathalelo olusemgangathweni ophezulu, olufikelelekayo kuluntu abahlala kulo kwaye basebenza kulo,' laziswa eIndiya. Ngo-2000.
