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Isifo se-coronavirus (i-COVID-19) sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa zii-coronaviruses, usapho lweentsholongwane ezibangela isifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (SARS). Zombini i-COVID-19 kunye ne-SARS zibangelwa luhlobo lwee-coronaviruses ezibangele i-SARS, eyaziwa njenge-SARS-CoV ngo-2003 kwaye ngoku ibangela isifo se-coronavirus, esaziwa njenge-SARS-CoV-2.
Ngomhla we-11 kuFebruwari 2020, iKomiti yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeTaxonomy ye-Virus (ICTV) yathiya inoveli i-coronavirus- SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Eli gama lanikwa kuba intsholongwane inxulumene nemfuza inxulumene ne-coronavirus ejongene nokuqhambuka kweSARS ngo-2003.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuchaza ukufana nolwahluko phakathi kwe-COVID-19 kunye ne-SARS.
Yintoni iCoronavirus?
IiCoronaviruses lusapho lweentsholongwane ezinokuqikelelwa okufana ne-spike kumphezulu wazo ezibonakala ngathi zizithsaba. ICorona ithetha 'isithsaba' ngesiLatin kwaye yile ndlela le ntsholongwane ifumene igama ngayo.
I-COVID-19 sisifo sesithathu esaziwayo sesifo se-coronavirus emva kwesifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (i-SARS) kunye ne-Middle East syndrome (MERS) [1] .
Uhlobo olutsha lwe-coronavirus lunokuvela xa isilwanyana i-coronavirus ikhulisa amandla okudlulisela isifo ebantwini kwaye oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuhanjiswa kwe-zoonotic.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-SARS-CoV-2 yayiyintsholongwane ye-chimeric phakathi kwe-bat coronavirus kunye ne-coronavirus yemvelaphi engaziwayo. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ikhonkco lokuhambisa liqala ukusuka kumalulwane ukuya ebantwini [1] .
Iimpawu zesifo seCoronavirus
Iimpawu ngumkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, ukuphefumla nzima, ukudinwa, ukuphuma empumlweni, intloko ebuhlungu, iintlungu zomzimba, umqala obuhlungu, urhudo kunye nesicaphucaphu.
Ukuhanjiswa kwesifo seCoronavirus
Abantu banokufumana i-COVID-19suka komnye umntu osulelekileyo onentsholongwane. Esi sifo sisasazeka ngokulula ukusuka emntwini ukuya emntwini ngamathontsi amancinci amanzi asuka empumlweni okanye emlonyeni xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla.
Umthamo wentsholongwane ubonakala ungowona uphezulu emqaleni nasempumlweni yabantu abane-COVID-19 [Mbini] .
Yintoni iAuteute Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)?
Isifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (SARS) sisifo secoronavirus esibangele ukuqhambuka kweSARS ngo-2002-2003. Intsholongwane ka-SARS idlulile isuka kumalulwane iye kumamkeli wezilwanyana ophakathi, ikati ye-civet, ngaphambi kokuba idlulele ebantwini [3] .
Iimpawu zeSARS
I-SARS ibangela iimpawu ezifana nokuphefumla kancinci, umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, ukubola, iintlungu zomzimba, intloko ebuhlungu, ukugodola kunye norhudo.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-SARS
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-SARS kwenzeka ikakhulu ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye. I-SARS-CoV isasazeka ngamathontsi okuphefumla xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla.
Izinto zeMolekyuli ze-COVID-19 kunye neSARS-CoV
Uphononongo lufumene ulwazi olupheleleyo lwemfuza (i-genome) ye-SARS-CoV-2 ebonise ukuba inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nezixhobo ezimbini ze-SARS-ezifana ne-coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 kunye ne-bat-SL-CoVZXC21, kodwa ikude I-SARS-CoV (malunga neepesenti ezingama-79) kunye ne-MERS-CoV (malunga neepesenti ezingama-50) [4] .
Ukubopha kwamkeli kwe-COVID-19 kunye ne-SARS-CoV
Indawo yokubopha eyamkelekileyo ikwathelekiswa neSARS-CoV-2 kunye neSARS-CoV. Xa intsholongwane ingena kwiseli yomzimba womntu, kufuneka inxibelelane neeproteni kumphezulu weseli (ii-receptors) kwaye intsholongwane ikwenza oku ngokusebenzisa iiproteni ezikumphezulu wayo.
ICoronavirus ingena kwiiseli ezibanjelweyo zihanjiswa yi-transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotein eyenza iihomotrimers eziphuma kumphezulu wentsholongwane. Le glycoprotein inoxanduva lokuzibophelela kwi-receptor cell.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba zombini i-SARS-CoV-2 kunye ne-SARS-CoV zibophelela kwi-receptor ye-cell host ngokuqina okufanayo kunye nokuqina kuphezulu kakhulu kwi-SARS-CoV-2. Esi sizathu sokuba i-SARS-CoV-2 ibonakale isasazeka ngokulula kune-SARS-CoV [5] .
Ukushwankathela...
I-COVID-19 kunye ne-SARS zombini zibangelwa zii-coronaviruses eziphuma kumalulwane ngaphambi kokuba zigqithiselwe ebantwini ngumbindi ophakathi. Kukho umahluko nokufana phakathi kwe-COVID-19 kunye ne-SARS.
