Ukunikela ngeLiso leLizwe ngeZibini zoBusuku ngo-2019: Imeko yangoku yokuNikela ngeLiso eIndiya

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UMnikelo weSizwe woLiso lweeFarightnight uyaqatshelwa minyaka le ukususela nge-25 Agasti ukuya kwi-8 Septemba. Eli phulo lijolise ekwaziseni uluntu ngokubaluleka kokunikela ngamehlo kunye nokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bathembise ngomnikelo womzimba.

Ngokweengxelo, ukungaboni kuye kwachazwa njengenye yeengxaki zempilo kumazwe asakhasayo afana ne-India ^[1] .

I-India likhaya kwelona nani liphezulu labangaboniyo

Ngokwengxelo zamva nje, kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho abantu abamalunga ne-6.8 yezigidi abanombono ongaphantsi kwe-6/60 kwiliso elinye ngenxa yezifo ze-corneal e-India. Kubemi behlabathi abangama-37 ezigidi abangaboniyo, i-15 lezigidi ngabaseIndiya ^[Mbini] . Kwaye ukukhankanya, iipesenti ezingama-75 zala matyala zinokuphepha ubumfama-kukhanyisa ukukhanya ngokubaluleka kosuku lweSizwe loNikelo ngeLiso ngeentsuku ezimbini.

Oogqirha bamehlo kunye namehlo anikelweyo kunyango lwe-corneal blindness asasazeke ngokugqibeleleyo kwilizwe elinama-8 000 kuphela oogqirha bamehlo endaweni ye-40,000 yamehlo. Ngaphandle kwalonto, iingxelo ziveza ukuba i-India ifuna amehlo e-2.5 lakh anikelwe minyaka le kwaye banokufumana kuphela inani eliphantsi lama-25,000 kwiibhanki zamehlo ezili-109 zeli lizwe. Kwaye kuphela li-10,000 le-corneal transplants eyenziwayo minyaka le ngenxa yokunqongophala ^[Mbini] .

Ama-153 ezigidi amaIndiya afuna iiglasi zokufunda kodwa abanako ukufikelela. Inani eliphezulu labantu abangaboniyo elizweni linokulungelelaniswa nenani eliqingqiweyo lezikolo ezingama-20 zamehlo ezivelisa nje oogqirha bamehlo abali-1 000 ngonyaka, nabantu abazizigidi ezili-17 bongezwa kubemi ^[3] .

Kwizigidi ezili-15, izigidi ezintathu ngabantwana abaphethwe bubumfama ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Umnikelo woMbutho eIndiya

Ukuzibhalisa njengomnikeli wequmrhu kunye nokuthatha isigqibo sokunceda umntu emva kokubhubha kwakho sisenzo esikhulu. Umnikeli welungu unceda abantu baphinde bafumane imisebenzi yabo, efana nombono. Ngokunikela ngamehlo omntu emva kokuba efile, umntu ongaboniyo ufumene amandla abo okubona ngenkqubo yotyando eyaziwa ngokuba kukufakelwa komzimba, apho i-cornea eyonakeleyo ithathelwa indawo yikhoynea esempilweni evela kumnikeli wamehlo ^[4] .

Umthetho wokuTshintshelwa kwamalungu oMbutho woLuntu, 1994 wasekwa ngurhulumente waseIndiya ukwenza utshintsho oluqinisekileyo kwimiba yokunikezelwa komzimba kunye nokufakelwa eIndiya. ^[5] . Nangona amazwe awahlukeneyo ebelithathile kwaye walamkela eli nyathelo, bekungekho kulandelwa okanye imisebenzi yenziweyo ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokufikelela kwenkqubo. Amazwe afana neTamil Nadu kunye neAndhra Pradesh zibeke iinzame ezibalulekileyo, kunye neTamil Nadu inezipho ezingama-302 kunye neAndhra Pradesh ene-150 ^[6] .

Amanye amazwe alandelayo yayiyiKarnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan kunye neKerala.

Iipesenti ezingama-50 zamehlo anikelwayo aya kwiNkunkuma

Ngokwazisa nokubaluleka kokunikezelwa kwamehlo kusasazeka kurhulumente, enye yeengxaki eziphambili ezijamelene nezibhedlele kukonga amehlo anikelweyo ukuba angahambi amdaka. Ngokwengxelo, yiminikelo yamehlo engama-52,000 eyenziweyo e-India ukusukela kwixesha elisusela ku-Epreli 2018 ukuya ku-Matshi 2019. Nangona kunjalo, inani lokufakwa kwelinye ilizwe kweli lizwe lalingama-28,000 kuphela. ^[7] .

Phantse iipesenti ezingama-50 zee-corneas eziqokelelwe ngeminikelo yamehlo azange zisetyenziswe kodwa zichithwe. Kwaye kwakungekho meko kwimeko enye kodwa kwilizwe liphela. I-cornea enikelweyo inokugcinwa kangangeentsuku ezintandathu ukuya kwezili-14 kwaye emva kweentsuku ezili-14, ilahlwe njengenkunkuma njengoko ingasenakusetyenziswa ^[8] .

Oku kungenxa yokungabikho kweebhanki zamehlo ezixhotyiswe kakuhle elizweni. I-Indiya njengelizwe linomda omncinci oxhotyiswe kakuhle kwiibhanki zamehlo kunye nenani eliqingqiweyo logqirha wamehlo.

Kutheni abantu Bemadolw 'anzima ukunikela ngamehlo

Nokuba kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye kunye nokufika kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, abantu basenamathandabuzo ngayo ngenxa yamanani aphakamileyo eengcamango eziphosakeleyo. Izinto ezinje ngokunqongophala kolwazi, iintsomi ezinxulumene nokunikelwa kwamehlo, ukubekwa amabala enkcubeko, ukungabikho kwenkuthazo kunye neenkolelo zemveli zibeka njengengxaki ^[9] .

Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea kuhlala kwenziwa kwiintsuku ezi-4 emva komnikelo, kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokulondolozwa kwe-cornea kunye nokususwa kotyando lwethambo lwamehlo lwenziwa kwakamsinya emva kokusweleka kungabangeli kulibaziseka kulungiselelo lomngcwabo. ^[7] .

Uphando lwakutsha nje oluhlolisise iimbono eziphosakeleyo ngokubhekisele ekunikelweni kwamehlo lwabonisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-28 zizonke ezingama-641 zabaphenduli basezidolophini bakholelwa ekubeni abanikeli bezitho zomzimba abazukufumana naluphi na unyango olusindisa ubomi ngelixa iipesenti ezili-18 bekholelwa ekubeni imizimba yabo iya kulimala. ^[10] .

Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwazisa kunye namanyathelo sele amkelwe ngurhulumente waseIndiya kunye nezibhedlele ezahlukeneyo ukuphucula imeko yangoku yokunikela ngamehlo elizweni ^{[Shumi elinanye]} . Xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ka-2003, kuye kwakho uphuculo olubonakalayo kwinani labanikeli. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zesibhedlele ezibhetele kakhulu kufuneka zifakelwe ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-corneas ezinikelweyo.

Ngaphandle kwezi, njengommi waseIndiya, kufuneka ubhalise njengomnikeli wequmrhu ^[12] . Nabani na anganikela ngeliso (naliphi na iqela lobudala okanye isini), abantu abanesifo seswekile, abantu abasebenzisa izibuko, abaguli abanengxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi, abaguli abanesifuba kunye nabo bangenazo izifo ezosulelayo banokunikela ngamehlo. Qhubeka, luxanduva lwakho njengomntu. Bhalisa njengomnikeli wombutho!

1. [1]IGupta, N., Vashist, P., Ganger, A., Tandon, R., & Gupta, S. K. (2018). Umnikelo wamehlo kunye neebhanki zamehlo eIndiya. Ijenali kaZwelonke yezoNyango yaseIndiya, 31 (5), 283.
2. [Mbini]Leasher, J. L., Bourne, R. R., Flaxman, S. R., Jonas, J. B., Keeffe, J., Naidoo, K., ... kunye noResnikoff, S. (2016). Uqikelelo lwehlabathi kwinani labantu abangaboniyo okanye abangaboni kakuhle sisifo seswekile: ukuphicothwa kweemeta ukusuka ku-1990 ukuya ku-2010. Ukunyamekela isifo seswekile, 39 (9), 1643-1649.
3. [3]IGudlavalleti, V. S. M. (2017). Ubungakanani kunye neendlela zethutyana zobumfama obunokuthintelwa ebantwaneni (ABC) eIndiya. Ijenali yaseIndiya yePediatrics, 84 (12), 924-929.
4. [4]Vijayalakshmi, P., Sunitha, T. S., Gandhi, S., Thimmaiah, R., & Math, S. B. (2016). Ulwazi, isimo sengqondo kunye nokuziphatha kwabemi ngokubanzi malunga nokunikelwa kwamalungu: umbono waseIndiya. Ijenali yezonyango yase-India, 29 (5), 257.
5. [5]I-Chakradhar, K., Doshi, D., Reddy, B., Kulkarni, S., Reddy, M. P., kunye neReddy, S. S. (2016). Ulwazi, isimo sengqondo kunye nokuziqhelanisa ngokunxulumene nomnikelo womzimba phakathi kwabafundi bamazinyo baseIndiya. Ijenali yaMazwe ngaMazwe yokunyanga ngamayeza, 7 (1), 28.
6. [6]UKrishnan, G., kunye noKaranth, S. (2018). I-762: I-Epidemiologic kunye neKlinikhi yeProfayili yabaguli abaswelekileyo beBongo kuMnikelo woLungiselelo kwiziko laseIndiya. Unyango oluKhathalayo, 46 ​​(1), 367.
7. [7]USeth, A., Dudeja, G., Dhir, J., Acharya, A., uLal, S., kunye no-Singh, B. (2017). Iimpawu kunye neempembelelo zeFortis Healthcare Limited-iNew Delhi Television 'Ngakumbi Ukunika'Umkhankaso wokuKhuthaza ukuPhulukana noMnikelo woMbutho eIndiya. Ukutshintshwa, i-101, i-S76.
8. [8]NDTV. (2017, Novemba 17). I-50% yamehlo anikelweyo aya kwinkunkuma: Icandelo loMphathiswa Wezempilo. Ukufunyanwa kwi-https: //sites.ndtv.com/moretogive/50-donated-eyes-going-waste-health-ministry-798/
9. [9]UFarooqui, J. H., Acharya, M., Dave, A., Chaku, D., Das, A., kunye noMathur, U (2019). Ukwazisa kunye nolwazi malunga nokunikelwa kwamehlo kunye nefuthe labacebisi: Umbono waseNyakatho yeIndiya. Ijenali ye-ophthalmology yangoku, 31 (2), 218.
10. [10]Oguego, N., Okoye, O. I., Okoye, O., Uche, N., Aghaji, A., Maduka-Okafor, F., ... & Umeh, R. (2018). Iintsomi zempilo yamehlo, ukuqonda okungachanekanga kunye nezibakala: iziphumo zovavanyo olunqamlezayo phakathi kwabafundi besikolo saseNigeria. Amayeza oSapho kunye noPhononongo loKhathalelo oluSisiseko, (2), 144-148.
11. [Shumi elinanye]IVidusha, K., kunye neManjunatha, S. (2015). Ukuqwashiswa kokunikezelwa kwamehlo phakathi kwabafundi bezonyango kwisibhedlele sononophelo oluphezulu, Bangalore. I-Asia Pac J yezeMpilo yezeMpilo, 2 (2), 94-98.
12. [12]IBhatia, S., kunye neGupta, N. (2017). UKUNIKELA NGELISO: UKUQAPHA NOKUQONDA KWALO PHAKATHI KWABAFUNDI BAMAZIKO AMAZINYO KWI-TRICITY NAKWIINDAWO EZIJONGENE NAYO, INDIYA. Ijenali yoPhando oluPhezulu lwezoNyango kunye noPhando lweeNzululwazi zamazinyo, 5 (1), 39.

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