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Ukukhulelwa kubalulekile kwaye kuyayitshintsha impilo kubomi bomfazi ngamnye ovula iingcango zovuyo, ukonwaba kunye noxanduva. I-trimester yokuqala ibaluleke kakhulu kubafazi abakhulelweyo njengoko kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokuhamba kwesisu kunye nezinye iingxaki. Ke ngoko, iingcali zonyango zibonisa ukuba abantu basetyhini kufuneka bazikhathalele ngokukodwa ngeli xesha kubalulekile kwimpilo kamama nomntwana.
Ukutya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Umzimba womfazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa ufuna izakhamzimba ezongezelelweyo ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kwemveku engekazalwa, kwaye ukuswela kwayo kunokuchaphazela iindlela ezininzi. Iingxaki ezinokuthi zivele ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukuphuma kwegazi kwilungu lobufazi, isifo seswekile, isifo sorhudo okanye isisu esibuhlungu. Ke ngoko, ukutya okusempilweni kukhethwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukuqinisekisa impilo elungileyo yomama nomntwana. [1]
Ngokwe-American College Of Obstetricians kunye ne-Gynecologists, izondlo ezifana ne-folate, i-iron, i-omega-3 fatty acids, i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-calcium zibalulekile emntwaneni nakunina ngexesha lekota yokuqala. Nalu uluhlu lokutya olupakishwe zezi zakhamzimba. Yenza inqaku lakho konke oku kutya kwaye kufuneka ukubandakanye kwisicwangciso sakho sokutya.
1. Imifuno
Igama elithi iimbotyi libhekisa kwiqela lokutya okufana neembotyi, iimbotyi zezintso, iilentile, iimbotyi zesoya kunye neenkukhu. Le mithombo isekelwe kwizityalo ityebile ngokwendalo kwi-folate (ivithamini B9) kunye nezinye izakha mzimba ezifana nefayibha yokutya, ikhalsiyam, iprotein kunye nentsimbi-zonke izakha mzimba zomfazi okhulelweyo azifunayo ngexesha lekota yokuqala. [Mbini] Ukusilela kwe-folate ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela ubuchwephesha kunye nentambo yomgogodla kwisiphene esibelekweni esifana neziphene ze-neural tube Ukusetyenziswa kwe-folate ejikeleze i-600 mcg / ngosuku ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuthathwa njengelungileyo kwimpilo. [3]
2. Isipinatshi
Abafazi abakhulelweyo bafuna ukubhalwa kweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomama kunye nomntwana. Inceda ekukhuleni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngexesha lokukhula komntwana. Isixa somntu obhinqileyo esifuna umntu ngexesha lekota yokuqala yi-137-589 ng / mL ukuthintela umngcipheko wezifo ezinjenge-spina bifida kunye ne-anencephaly. Isipinatshi siqulathe i-194 mcg ye folate nge-100 g.
3. Ubisi kunye neyogathi
Iimveliso zobisi ezinje ngobisi kunye neyogathi ziqulathe inani elifanelekileyo lecalcium ebaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo ye foetus. Ngexesha lekota yokuqala yokuqala, inqanaba lehomoni yeparathyroid iyehla kubasetyhini njengoko ikhalsiyam eninzi ifunxwa ngumntwana ukuze akhule. Yiyo loo nto abafazi kufuneka batye i-calcium engaphezulu ngelixesha lokuhlangabezana neemfuno zikamama kunye nemveku engekazalwa. [4]
4. Isalmon
I-DHA kunye ne-EPA zii-omega-3 ezinamafutha acid ezifumaneka kwintlanzi nakwezinye iintlanzi. Zombini zinceda kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kwengqondo neliso lomfo. Ukungabikho kwezi zi-asidi zinamafutha kunokubangela ukusilela kokubonakalayo kunye nokuziphatha kwimveku engekhe iguqulwe. Inani elinconywayo le-DHA ngama-200 mg alingana ne-1 -2 yokutya kwaselwandle / ngeveki. [5]
5. Imifuno eluhlaza
Imifuno eluhlaza yimithombo ephambili kuzo zonke izondlo ezifana ne-magnesium, i-potassium, i-vitamin A ne-C, kunye nefolate. Banazo izinto ezininzi eziphilayo ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukwehlisa inani lemifuno eluhlaza ngexesha lokukhulelwa kungonyusa umngcipheko weNcinci kwiGestational Age (SGA) apho umbungu umncinci ngobukhulu kunye nobunzima obuphantsi kunemveku ebudala obufanayo bokukhulelwa. I-48.2 g / usuku lwemifuno eluhlaza ithathwa njengelungileyo kwabasetyhini ngexesha lekota yokuqala. [6]
6. Amandongomane
Ngexesha lekota yokuqala yokuqala, iprotheyini ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni impilo yomama kunye neyomntwana ongekazalwa. Iiprotein ziyanceda ekukhuleni okukhawulezileyo nasekukhuleni komntwana, ukugcina i-homeostasis kamama ngaxeshanye. Ikwalungisa umzimba ukuze uncancise. Imfuneko eqikelelweyo yeprotein yabasetyhini ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwangaphambi kwexesha (ngaphantsi kweeveki ezili-16) yi-1.2 ukuya kwi-1.52 g / kg ubunzima bomzimba / usuku. [7]
7. Inyama Yoyama
Imveliso yenyama kunye neyezilwanyana inezakha mzimba ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthiwa yi-vitamin B12 engafumanekiyo kwizityalo. I-Vitamin B12 iyanceda kuphuhliso lwe-myelination yenkqubo ye-nervous system. Ukunqongophala kwale vithamini kunokubangela ukukhula okungalunganga kwe-neurodevelopment kunye nokukhula kosana olungekazalwa. Umthamo wemihla ngemihla wevithamini B12 ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni yi-50mcg. [8]
Ukutya okukuphephayo ngeXesha lokuQala lokuQala
- Intlanzi ezinenqanaba eliphezulu le-mercury njenge -fishfish kunye ne-tilefish kufuneka ithintelwe njengoko inokuphazamisa inkqubo yengqondo ye-foetus kunye ne-nervous system.
- Ubisi olungaxutywanga okanye olungafunekiyo kufuneka luthintelwe njengoko lunokwandisa umngcipheko wokutyhefa kokutya ngenxa yesifunxi-gazi okanye ibhaktiriya ekhoyo elubisini.
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