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Usuku lweSifo seMbefu (World Asthma Day) luqwalaselwa rhoqo ngonyaka ngolwesiBini wokuqala kaMeyi. Usuku lwe-Asthma lwehlabathi 2020 luwela nge-5 Meyi. Umnyhadala wonyaka uququzelelwe liPhulo leHlabathi le-Asthma (GINA), ngenjongo yokwazisa, ukhathalelo kunye nenkxaso kubantu abachaphazeleka sisifo sokuphefumla. [1] .
Usuku lwe-Asthma lwehlabathi lwaqaliswa ngo-1998 kwaye kulo nyaka (2020), i-Global Initiative ye-Asthma (GINA) ithathe isigqibo sokuba uSuku lwe-Asthma lwehlabathi luza kuba ngoMeyi 5 rhoqo ngonyaka [Mbini] . Usuku lwe-Asthma lwehlabathi 2020 umxholo uthi 'Kwanele Ukufa Kwe-asthma.'
Ngolu Suku lweSifuba seHlabathi, siza kujonga kumxholo wesifuba sabantwana okanye i-asthma ebantwaneni. Ngokubanzi, i-asthma sisifo esinganyangekiyo esibangela ukudumba kunye nokunciphisa iindlela zomoya emiphungeni. Ibangela ukuvutha (isandi sokubetha impempe xa uphefumla), ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumla kancinci kunye nokukhohlela [3] .
Ngexesha lokuhlaselwa sisifo sombefu, izihlunu zakho zomoya ezixineneyo kunye neembumba ezinomqolo zivelisa ukugqithisa okungaphezulu, kuthintela ukuphefumla kwakho Izifo ezinokuthanani nothuli, i-spores, uboya bezilwanyana, umoya obandayo, usulelo kunye noxinzelelo kunokubangela isifuba [4] .
Zininzi iindidi zesifuba, ziziswa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela. Ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zesifo sombefu sisifo sesifuba esidala, isifo sombefu, i-asthma-COPD iyadibana, isifuba esingasebenziyo, isifuba somntu kunye nesifuba somntwana. [5] .
Yintoni Isifuba Somntwana?
Isifuba somntwana esikwabizwa ngokuba sisifuba kubantwana, iyafana naleyo yesifuba esichazwe kubantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, i-asthma yobuntwana ineempawu ezahlukileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zesifuba. Xa umntwana ene-asthma, imiphunga kunye neendlela zomoya zivutha lula xa zibonakaliswe kwizinto ezinjenge-inhaling pollen okanye ukubamba umkhuhlane okanye olunye usulelo lokuphefumula. [6] .
Iimpawu zale ngxaki yokuphefumla zinokwenza ukuba kube nzima emntwaneni wakho ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla enjengokuya esikolweni, ukudlala nokulala. Akukho lunyango lwesifuba ebantwaneni kodwa kukho iindlela apho unokuthintela okubangela kwaye kungoko, ukunciphisa umda kwimiphunga ekhulayo yomntwana. [7] .
Ziintoni Iimpawu Neempawu Zesifuba Somntwana?
Iimpawu zesifuba somntwana ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntwana ukuya komnye kwaye umntwana unokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwisiqendu esinye ukuya kwesinye. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zesifo sombefu somntwana zezi zilandelayo [8] :
- Ukubetha impempe okanye isandi xa uphefumla
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Ukuxinana kwesifuba okanye ukuqina
- Ukukhohlela rhoqo, ngakumbi xa udlala okanye uzilolonga
- Ukungabikho kwamandla
- Ingxaki yokulala ngenxa yokukhwehlela okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla
- Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
- Tight imisipha yesifuba kunye nesifuba
- Kwiintsana, ingxaki yokutya okanye ukugcuma ngelixa usitya
Iimpawu ezinzima zesifuba somntwana esifuna unyango lwangoko zezi zilandelayo [9] :
- Ukutsala esifubeni nasemacaleni xa bephefumla
- Ukubila okugqithisileyo
- Ukuma embindini wesivakalisi ukuze ubambe umphefumlo
- Isisu esizika phantsi kweembambo zabo xa bezama ukufumana umoya
- Impumlo ezibanzi
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo
- Iintlungu zesifuba
Yintoni oonobangela besifuba somntwana?
Iingcali zempilo zithi oonobangela besifuba somntwana abakaqondwa kakuhle. Ezinye zezinto ezinokubangela isifuba sabantwana zezi zilandelayo [10] :
- Ukubonakaliswa kukungcola kwendalo, njengomsi wecuba okanye olunye ungcoliseko lomoya
- Utyekelo lokuzuza njengelifa lokuphuhlisa ukwaliwa
- Abazali abane-asthma
- Usulelo lwe-Airway lusemncinci kakhulu
Zeziphi izinto ezibangela uMbefu woMntwana?
Izinto ezibangelwayo ziyahluka ukusuka emntwaneni kuye emntwaneni kwaye kwezinye iimeko, isiphumo sokuphendula sinokulibaziseka, kusenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukukuchonga. Ezinye zezinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangela isifuba somntwana zezi zilandelayo [Shumi elinanye] :
- I-Allergener njengamaphela, uthuli, ukungunda, i-pet dander kunye ne-pollen
- Izitenxo ezifana nongcoliseko lomoya, imichiza, umoya obandayo, ivumba okanye umsi
- Usulelo lomoya njengokubanda, inyumoniya, kunye nosulelo lwesono
- Uxinzelelo
- Umsebenzi womzimba
Kwabanye abantwana, iimpawu zesifuba zenzeka ngaphandle kokubangela.
Bangoobani oMngcipheko oBangela iSifuba soBuntwana?
Izinto ezinokunyusa amathuba okuba nesifo sombefu zezi zilandelayo [12] :
- Ukuphendula kwangaphambili, kubandakanya ukusabela kolusu, ukutya komzimba okanye ifiva
- Izimo zokuphefumla, ezinje nge-runny engapheliyo okanye impumlo exineneyo (i-rhinitis), i-sinus ezivuthayo (sinusitis) okanye inyumoniya
- Ukubonakaliswa komsi wecuba, kubandakanywa ngaphambi kokuzalwa
- Ukutyeba kakhulu
- Imbali yosapho yesifo se-asthma okanye i-allergies
- Ukuhlala kwindawo enongcoliseko oluphezulu
- Isibilini (isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal, okanye i-GERD)
- Isini (eyindoda)
- Ubuhlanga [13]
Zithini iingxaki zoMbefu waBantwana?
Isifuba kubuntwana sinokubangela iingxaki ezininzi kwaye zezi zilandelayo [14] :
- Uhlaselo olubi lwe-asthma olufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo okanye ukhathalelo lwasesibhedlele
- Ukubuyela emva esikolweni
- Ukungalali kakuhle nokudinwa
- Umonakalo osisigxina ekusebenzeni kwemiphunga
- Iimpawu eziphazamisa imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yomzimba
Sichongwa Njani Isifo Sombefu Ebuntwaneni?
Isifo sombefu, ngokubanzi, kunokuba nzima ukusixilonga kuba uninzi lweemeko zobuntwana zinokuba neempawu ezifanayo nezo zibangelwa sisifuba [Shumi elinantlanu] . Ugqirha uza kuhlalutya iimpawu kwaye agqibe ukuba ngaba iimpawu zomntwana wakho zibangelwa sisifuba, imeko engeyiyo i-asthma, okanye zombini i-asthma kunye nenye imeko.
Ezi meko zilandelayo zinokubangela iimpawu ezinje ngesifuba kubantwana [16] :
- Ukungaqheleki kwindlela yomoya
- Isinusitis
- I-acid ye-acid okanye isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal (GERD)
- Ukuphefumla okungasebenziyo
- Ukuthimliswa
- Izifo zokuphefumla ezifana ne-bronchiolitis kunye ne-virus ye-syncytial virus (RSV)
Ukuchonga imeko, ugqirha unokumisela ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo [17] :
- Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga
- Ukuvavanywa kwe-nitric oxide yovavanyo kunceda ukufumanisa ukuba amayeza e-steroid anokuba luncedo kwisifo sombefu somntwana wakho
- Ukuvavanywa kwesikhumba somzimba, apho ulusu luhluthwe khona ngezicatshulwa zezinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangela ukungabikho komzimba kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweempawu zokungabikho komzimba
Luthini Unyango Lwemiphunga Yomntwana?
Uhlobo lokuqala lonyango lwe-asthma ebuntwaneni luxhomekeke kubukrakra besifuba somntwana wakho kunye nenjongo yonyango lwesifuba kukugcina iimpawu ziphantsi kolawulo. Ukunyanga i-asthma kubandakanya ukukhusela iimpawu kunye nokunyanga uhlaselo lwesifuba [18] .
Kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala emi-3 abaneempawu ezibuthathaka zesifuba, ugqirha unokusebenzisa indlela yokulinda kunye nokubona ngenxa yokuba iziphumo zexesha elide kunyango lwe-asthma kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci azicacanga [19] .
Ke emva kokuba kuqondwe unobangela kunye nokubangela, amayeza exesha elide aya kumiselwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kwindlela yomoya womntwana wakho ekhokelela kwiimpawu kwaye zezi zilandelayo [Amashumi amabini] :
- Ukurhoxa kwiicorticosteroids
- Inhalers yokudibanisa
- Iinguqu zeLeukotriene
- Iiarhente zokuzikhusela emzimbeni
- I-corticosteroids yomlomo kunye ne-intravenous
- Abadlali abancinci be-beta-agonists
Phawula : ICorticosteroids ludidi lweziyobisi olwehlisa ukudumba emzimbeni.
Ngaba Isifo Sombefu Sabantwana Singathintelwa?
Ukucwangcisa ngononophelo kunye nokuphepha ukubangela isifuba kunokunceda ekuthinteleni uhlaselo lwesifuba. Cinga ngala manyathelo alandelayo othintelo [amashumi amabini ananye] :
- Gcina ukufuma okuphantsi ekhaya
- Gcina umoya wangaphakathi ucocekile
- Sebenzisa isixhobo sokungenisa umoya njengoko inceda ukunciphisa isixa semvumvuzelo esivela emoyeni kwimithi, ingca kunye nokhula olufumana indlela ngaphakathi
- Coca indlu rhoqo
- Nciphisa ukuvezwa komntwana wakho kumoya obandayo
- Nceda umntwana wakho agcine ubunzima obusempilweni
- Musa ukutshaya ecaleni komntwana wakho
- Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba asebenze njengomsebenzi oqhelekileyo unokunceda imiphunga ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo
Kwinqaku lokugqibela…
Inokuba luxinzelelo ukunceda umntwana wakho aphathe isifo sombefu kodwa kufuneka ube yinkqubo yenkxaso yomntwana wakho kwaye ujolise ingqalelo kwinto anokuyenza umntwana wakho, hayi kwimida. Yenza unyango lube yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye ufumane uncedo, xa kukho imfuneko.
