IDysgraphia: oonobangela, Iimpawu zokuchonga nokunyanga

Amagama Aphezulu Ebantwaneni

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I-Dysgraphia bubunzima bokufunda obuchaphazela ukubhala kunye nezakhono zokuqhuba kakuhle (ukubanakho ukwenza intshukumo ngokungqamanisa izihlunu ezincinci zezandla kunye nezihlahla). Bonke abantwana abancinci bajongene nemiba ngelixa bafunda ukubhala nokuphucula ukubhala kwabo ngesandla. Kodwa ukuba ukubhala ngesandla komntwana wakho akucaci okanye kuphazamisekile, ukuba umntwana wakho uyakucaphukela ukubhala ngenxa yokuba isenzo sokwenza iileta siziva sisebenza nzima kubo-inokuba luphawu lwe-dysgraphia ^[1] . Ichongwa ikakhulu xa umntwana efunda ukubhala, nangona kunjalo, i-dysgraphia inokungaqapheleki kangangeminyaka, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezincinci.

Oonobangela beDysgraphia

Ngokutsho kweengcali, i-dysgraphia ebantwaneni ihlala ibangelwa yingxaki yokubhalwa kwe-orthographic coding. Esi siphazamiso semithambo-luvo sichaphazela inkumbulo esebenzayo esivumela ukuba sikhumbule ngokusisigxina amagama abhaliweyo kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa izandla neminwe ukubhala loo magama. Oku kwenzeka ikakhulu kunye nokunye ukukhubazeka kokufunda okunje nge-ADHD (Ingqwalaselo-yokusilela / yokuPhazamiseka ekusebenzeni) kunye nedyslexia ebantwaneni. Ukulimala kwengqondo kunokubangela iimpawu zedysgraphia kubantu abadala.

Iimpawu zeDysgraphia

Ukubhala ngesandla okungacacanga nokuphosakeleyo kuyeyona nto iphambili kwidysgraphia. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nedysgraphia nokuba umntwana wakho ubhale ngokucocekileyo. Kwimeko apho, ukubhala ngokucocekileyo kuya kuba ngumsebenzi oyindinisa nothatha ixesha emntwaneni wakho.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo zedysgraphia:

• Isikhewu esingafanelekanga kunye nokushiyana kwamagama
• Ukucima rhoqo
• Upelo olungachanekanga noonobumba abakhulu
• Isikhewu esingafanelekanga kunye nokushiyana kwamagama
• Umxube woonobumba abathukayo nabashicilelayo
• Ingxaki yokukopa amagama
• Ukubhala okukruqulayo
• Umkhwa wokuthetha amagama ukhwaza ngelixa ubhala
• Amagama angekhoyo kunye neeleta ezivela kwizivakalisi
• Ukucwangciswa kwendawo okungahambi kakuhle (ubunzima bokushiya oonobumba ephepheni okanye ngaphakathi komda)
• Ukubamba okuxineneyo, kukhokelela kwizandla ezibuhlungu ^[1]

Ukuchongwa kweDysgraphia

Ukuchongwa kwedysgraphia kwenziwa liqela leengcali, kubandakanya ugqirha, ugqirha wezengqondo okanye abanye oochwephesha bezempilo yengqondo abanamava okujongana nabantwana abanale meko. Unokudibana ngaxeshanye nengcali yedysgraphia eqeqeshelwe ukufumanisa oku kukhubazeka.

Ukuchongwa kunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-IQ. Iimpawu zinokuvavanywa ngokusekwe kwisabelo sabo esikolweni okanye emsebenzini wezifundo. Uvavanyo lwe-dysgraphia lubandakanya icandelo lokubhala, ukukopa izivakalisi okanye ukuphendula imibuzo emfutshane yesincoko. Baphinde bavavanye amandla emoto elungileyo, apho umntwana wakho aya kuvavanywa kwizenzo ze-reflex kunye nezakhono zemoto. Ingcali izama ukumisela ukuba umntwana wakho angazicwangcisa njani iingcinga kwaye adlulise izimvo, kubandakanya umgangatho wokubhala kwabo ^[Mbini] .

Unyango lweDysgraphia

Akukho lunyango olusisigxina kwi-dysgraphia. Iingcali zonyango kufuneka zijonge ukuba ngaba kukho nakuphi na ukukhubazeka kokufunda okanye iimeko zempilo ezichaphazelekayo. Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-ADHD ancede nge-dysgraphia ebantwaneni abaphethwe zezi meko zombini. Unyango emsebenzini lunokuba luncedo ekuphuculeni izakhono zokubhala ngesandla ^[3] . Ikhuthaza abantwana ukuba benze imisebenzi efana ne

• ubenza ukuba baziqhelanise nokubamba ipeni ngendlela entsha, ukuze ukubhala kube lula kubo,
• usebenza ngodongwe olungumzekelo,
• ukusombulula iipuzzle zokudibanisa-amachaphaza,
• imigca yokuzoba ngaphakathi kwe-mazes, kunye
• Ukulandelela iileta ezikrwelayo kwidesika.

Zininzi iinkqubo zokubhala ezikhoyo ezinceda abantwana abanale meko ^[4] .

Ungayilawula njani iDysgraphia

Ngaphezulu kobunzima bomzimba, abantwana abane-dysgraphia bajongene nokudakumba okuninzi okhulisa imvo yokujongela phantsi kubo. Ukungakwazi ukugcina inkqubela phambili kwezemfundo kwigumbi lokufundela kubenza bazive bengenakuzinceda ngamanye amaxesha. Ngaphandle konyango kunye nonyango oluqhelekileyo, ungenelelo lwakho njengomzali lunokunceda umntwana wakho ajongane nale meko ngokufanelekileyo. Ungenelelo lwasekhaya lwedisgraphia lubandakanya

• ubafundisa indlela yokuchwetheza,
• ukubanceda babambe ngokufanelekileyo ipensile okanye usiba,
• ukuvuma ukubhala umsebenzi wesikolo owenzelwa ekhaya okanye ii-asayinimenti ngamanye amaxesha zokwabelana ngoxinzelelo, kwaye
• ukuqhuba umntwana wakho ukuba arekhode izivakalisi ngaphambi kokuzibhala phantsi

Ungasoloko usebenza nolawulo lwesikolo kunye nootitshala bomntwana wakho ukuzisa uhlengahlengiso kubomi bakhe bokufunda. Nantsi indlela ongenza ngayo umahluko kwizikolo:

• Nika umntu othatha inqaku eklasini okanye unike abafundi ikopi katitshala yenqaku.
• Yenza enye indlela yokubhala ngomlomo, okanye ubeke endaweni yokusebenzela iphepha elifutshane ngesishwankathelo esikhawulezayo sesifundo somlomo.
• Vumela abafundi abane-dysgraphia ukuba basebenzise indawo yokuhlala njengeepensile zokubamba, iipeni ezinokususwa, iphepha elinemigca ephakanyisiweyo njl njl.
• Nika imvume yokusebenzisa iikhompyuter xa kunokwenzeka.
• Vumela abantwana ukuba basebenzise isixhobo sokujonga upelo xa kunokwenzeka.

Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka ube nomonde kwaye uvumele umntwana wakho ukuba aqhelane nonyango kunye nokutshintsha kweemeko, nokuba inkqubela phambili icotha. Ngokwenza indawo yabafundisi-ntsapho abaxhasayo, abahlobo, amalungu osapho kunye nabanyangi, unokwakha ukuzithemba kwabo kwaye ubancede baphumelele ekuhambeni kwexesha.

1. [1]UMcCloskey, M., kunye noRapp, B. (2017). Uphuhliso lwedysgraphia: Isishwankathelo kunye nesakhelo sophando.Cognitive neuropsychology, 34 (3-4), 65-82.
2. [Mbini]URichards, T. L., Grabowski, T. J., Boord, P., Yagle, K., Askren, M., Mestre, Z.,… UBerninger, V. (2015). Umahluko weepateni zobuchopho kwiiparameter ezinxulumene nokubhala kwe-DTI, unxibelelwano lwe-fMRI, kunye nokunxibelelana kwe-DTI-fMRI kunxibelelwano kubantwana abanayo nangaphandle kwe-dysgraphia okanye i-dyslexia. Klinikhi, 8, 408-421.
3. [3]U-Engel, C., uLillie, K., Zurawski, S., kunye nohambo, B. G. (2018). IiNkqubo zokuBhala eziSekwe kwiKharityhulamu: Uvandlakanyo olucwangcisiweyo olunobungakanani besiphumo.Ijenali yaseMelika yonyango lwasemsebenzini: upapasho olusemthethweni lweAmerican Occupational Therapy Association, 72 (3), 7203205010p1-77203205010p8.
4. [4]IRosenblum S. (2018). Ubudlelwane phakathi konxibelelwano phakathi kweempawu zokubhala ngesandla kunye nolawulo oluphezulu phakathi kwabantwana abanedysgraphia yophuhliso IPloS enye, 13 (4), e0196098.

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