Ukutyeba kakhulu: Iindidi, oonobangela, iimpawu, iingxaki kunye nonyango

Amagama Aphezulu Ebantwaneni

Umgangatho:

Umhla Wokuzalwa:

Thumela

Ndithumele Nge-Imeyile Veza Kwindawo

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Ukutyeba kukugqithisa kwamafutha omzimba. E-Indiya, ukutyeba kakhulu kuye kwaba sisibetho ngeepesenti ezi-5 zelizwe ezichaphazeleka kuko. Umcimbi ayisiyiyo inkxalabo nje yokuthambisa kodwa inokuthi inyuse umngcipheko wokuvela kwezinye izifo kunye neengxaki ezininzi zempilo.

Ukutyeba kakhulu kuchazwa ngokuba nesalathiso somzimba (BMI) sama-30 okanye nangaphezulu. I-BMI ibalwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuphakama nobunzima bomntu. Izinto ezithile ezinje ngobudala, isini, ubuhlanga, kunye nobunzima bemisipha yomntu kunokuchaphazela unxibelelwano phakathi kwamafutha omzimba kunye ne-BMI. Nangona kunjalo, i-BMI sisalathiso esiqhelekileyo sobunzima obugqithisileyo ^{[1] [Mbini]} .

Ukumisela i-BMI yakho, kuya kufuneka uhlule ubunzima bakho ngokweekhilogram ngobude bakho kwiimitha eziphindwe kabini (BMI = kg / m2).

Jonga i-BMI yakho apha.

Iindidi zokutyeba kakhulu

Kukho iindidi ezininzi zokutyeba kakhulu. Imeko yahlulwe ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo ekubekwa kuyo amanqatha, ukudibana nezinye izifo kunye nobungakanani kunye nenani leeseli ezinamanqatha ^[3] .

Kuxhomekeka kumanyano nezinye izifo, ukutyeba kakhulu ukwahlulwa kubini kwaye zezi zilandelayo:

• Uhlobo-1 lokutyeba kakhulu: Olu hlobo lokutyeba kakhulu lubangelwa kukutya kakhulu iikhalori kunye nokungabikho komzimba.
• Uhlobo-2 lokutyeba kakhulu: Kubangelwa zizifo ezinje ngehypothyroidism, isifo se-ovary polycystic, kunye ne-insulinoma njlnjl. Uhlobo loku-2 lokutyeba kunqabile kwaye luhambelana nepesenti enye kuphela yamatyala okutyeba kakhulu. Umntu onohlobo-2 lokutyeba kakhulu uya kufumana inani elingaqhelekanga lobunzima nokuba utya kancinci.

Kuxhomekeka kwindawo ekubekwe kuyo amafutha, ukutyeba kakhulu kwahlulwa kathathu kwaye zezi zilandelayo ^[4] :

• Ukutyeba okungaphaya: Olu hlobo lokutyeba kakhulu kuxa ingqokelela yamafutha agqithisileyo ibekwe esinqeni, ezinqeni nasemathangeni.
• Ukutyeba okuphakathi: Olu hlobo lokutyeba kakhulu kuxa ingqokelela yamafutha agqithisileyo ibekwe kwindawo esiswini.
• Umdibaniso wazo zombini

Kuxhomekeka kubungakanani kunye nenani leeseli ezinamafutha, ukutyeba kunokwahlulahlulwa kube ziindidi ezimbini kwaye kunjalo ^[4] :

• Uhlobo lokutyeba kwabantu abadala: Kolu hlobo lokutyeba kakhulu, kuphela bubungakanani beeseli ezinamanqatha ezonyukayo kwaye zikhula phakathi kweminyaka yobudala.
• Uhlobo lokutyeba komntwana: Kule meko, inani leeseli ezinamafutha liyanda kwaye linzima kakhulu kuba inani leeseli phantse alinako ukuncitshiswa.

Oonobangela Bokutyeba

Ukufumana amafutha kuhlala kubangelwa kukuziphatha, ufuzo, imetabolism kunye nefuthe lehomoni kubunzima bomzimba, ikhalori yokudla isisizathu sokuqala. Oko kukuthi, ukutya iikhalori ezininzi kunokuba utshise kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokuzilolonga kukhokelela ekutyebeni kakhulu ^[5] .

Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo bokutyeba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukutya okungalunganga kokutya okunamafutha amaninzi kunye neekhalori
• Ukwaluphala ngenxa yokuba ukukhula mdala kunokukhokelela kubunzima obuncinci bemisipha kunye nokucotha komzimba
• Ukungabikho kokulala, oku kungakhokelela ekutshintsheni kwe-hormonal eyenza uzive ulambile kwaye unqwenela ukutya okuphezulu kweekhalori
• Ukuhlala nje kuphela
• Imfuza
• Ukukhulelwa

Ngaphandle kwezi, iimeko ezithile zonyango zinokukhokelela ekutyebeni, njengoku kulandelayo ^[6] :

• I-Hypothyroidism (i-thyroid engasebenzi)
• Isifo seCushing
• Isifo sePolycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS)
• Isifo sikaPrader-Willi
• Osteoarthritis

Iimpawu zoTyeba kakhulu

Umqondiso wokuqala wokulumkisa wokutyeba kakhulu ufumana ubunzima bomzimba obungaphezulu komndilili. Ngaphandle kwalonto, iimpawu zokutyeba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo ^[7] :

• Ukulala ngokuphefumla
• Amatye egall
• Osteoarthritis
• Ingxaki yokulala
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Iimvumba ze-Varicose
• Iingxaki zolusu ezibangelwa kukufuma

Izinto zomngcipheko wokutyeba kakhulu

Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngomxube wemfuza, yokusingqongileyo kunye nezinto zengqondo zidlala indima enkulu ekwandiseni umngcipheko womntu wokutyeba kakhulu ^[8] .

• Imfuza okanye ilifa losapho (okt iizakhi zofuzo ozizuza kubazali bakho zinokuchaphazela inani lamafutha omzimba agciniweyo nasasazwa emzimbeni wakho).
• Indlela yokuphila ekhetha ukutya okungenampilo, iziselo ezinekhalori ephezulu, ukunqongophala kwemisebenzi njl.
• Izifo ezithile (njenge-Prader-Willi syndrome, i-Cushing syndrome njl.
• Amayeza anje ngamachiza okulwa ukuxhuzula, amayeza okulwa uxinezeleko, amayeza eswekile, amayeza okulwa intsholongwane.
• Umhlobo wesangqa kunye nosapho (ukuba utyebise abantu ngeenxa zonke, amathuba okuba utyebe kakhulu)
• Ubudala
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ukutshaya
• Microbiome (gut bacteria)
• Ukungabikho kobuthongo
• Uxinzelelo
• Nditya ukutya

Iingxaki zokutyeba kakhulu

Abantu abatyebe kakhulu baya bethambekele ekuchaphazeleni iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo ezinzima kakhulu kwindalo.

Iingxaki ezinkulu zibandakanya oku kulandelayo ^{[9] [10]} :

• Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile
• Isifo sentliziyo
• Umhlaza othile (ovary, ibele, umlomo wesibeleko, isibeleko, ikholon, isikali, isibindi, inyongo, izintso, iprostate njl.)
• Cholesterol ephezulu
• Izifo zenyongo
• Ukubetha
• Iingxaki zesini kunye nesini
• Iingxaki zokugaya

Ngaphandle kwezi, ukutyeba kakhulu kunokubuchaphazela kakubi ubomi bomntu. Uxinzelelo, ukuhlala wedwa ekuhlaleni, ukukhubazeka, ukufezekisa umsebenzi ophantsi, iintloni njlnjl. Ziindlela zokutyeba kakhulu ezinokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi ^[10] .

Ukuchongwa kwesifo sokutyeba kakhulu

Ugqirha uya kuqala ngovavanyo lomzimba kwaye acebise iimvavanyo ukuqonda ubuzaza bemeko ^{[Shumi elinanye]} .

• Uvavanyo lwembali yezempilo
• Uvavanyo lomzimba ngokubanzi
• Ukubalwa kwe-BMI
• Isilinganiselo sesinqe sokulinganisa ukuqonda ukuhanjiswa kwamafutha omzimba kubandakanya ubukhulu besikhumba, ukuthelekisa okhalweni ukuya okhalweni
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lokuhlola olufana ne-ultrasound, icomputer tomography (CT), kunye nemagneti yokubonisa ngemagneti (MRI)

Unyango lokuTyeba kakhulu

Injongo yonyango lokutyeba kakhulu kukufumana ubunzima obunempilo kunye nokugcina. Unyango lwenziwa ukuphucula impilo yakho iyonke kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa iingxaki zempilo.

• Ukutshintsha ukutya: Inyathelo lokuqala nelona liphambili lokwamkela ukutyeba kakhulu lutshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo. Ukunciphisa iikhalori kunye nokutya ngendlela esempilweni kubalulekile. Ke qala ngokusika iikhalori, utye iindawo ezinkulu zokutya ezineekhalori ezimbalwa (njengemifuno kunye neziqhamo), ukutya ukutya okusekwe kwizityalo, ezinje ngeziqhamo, imifuno kunye nee-carbohydrate ezigcweleyo. Thintela ukusebenzisa kwakho i-carbohydrate ephezulu okanye ukutya okunamafutha apheleleyo ^[12] .
• Umthambo: Ukonyusa imisebenzi yakho yinyathelo elibalulekileyo kunyango lokutyeba kakhulu. Abantu abanokutyeba kakhulu kufuneka bafumane ubuncinci imizuzu eyi-150 ngeveki yokuziqhelanisa. Kuyasebenza kwaye kuyasebenza ukukhetha umthambo onceda ukutshisa iikhalori. Utshintsho olulula njengokuthatha izinyuko endaweni yesinyusi, ukwenza igadi, ukuhamba imigama emifutshane endaweni yokuthatha isithuthi sakho kunokunceda ukuphalaza ubunzima obongezelelekileyo ^[13] .
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha: Iinkqubo zokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha ezinokukunceda ngayo ukuba utshintshe indlela ophila ngayo kwaye zikukhuthaze ukuba unciphise umzimba. Ikwabizwa ngokuba lonyango lokuziphatha, inokukunceda ekuqondeni wena kunye nemikhwa yakho ngcono kwaye usebenze ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa umzimba. Ukuya kumaqela okucebisa kunye nenkxaso kunokuba luncedo ^[14] .
• Amayeza: Ngaphandle kokuzilolonga kunye neendlela zokutya, amayeza amayeza okwehlisa ubunzima bomzimba ayindlela efanelekileyo yonyango lokutyeba kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba unciphise amayeza ukuba ezinye iindlela zokutya kunye nokuzilolonga zililize. Amayeza aya kumiselwa ngokusekwe kwimbali yakho yezempilo, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho.
• Utyando: Utyando lwenziwa rhoqo kwimeko yokutyeba kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezinzima, oogqirha bakhetha utyando lokwehlisa umzimba, ekwabizwa ngokuba luqhaqho lwe-bariatric. Olu tyando lunceda ekunciphiseni amanqanaba okusetyenziswa kwakho (kwaye) okanye lunokunciphisa ukufunxwa kokutya kunye neekhalori. Olunye utyando oluqhelekileyo lokwehla kobunzima lubandakanya utyando lwedlula kwisisu, ukubopha ibhendi esiswini, ukulungelelanisa i-biliopancreatic diversion nge-duodenal switch kunye nomkhono wesisu ^{[Shumi elinantlanu] [16]} .

Kwinqaku lokugqibela ...

Ukutyeba kakhulu kunokuthintelwa. Ngokwamkela utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunye nokukhetha ukutya ngendlela efanelekileyo, unokuzinceda ekufumaneni bonke ubunzima obongezelelekileyo. Sukutyeshela (ukukhanya) ukuzilolonga yonke imihla ubuncinci imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30, yitya ukutya okunesondlo njengeziqhamo kunye nemifuno kwaye uphephe ukutya ukutya okunamafutha aphezulu.

Iifoto nguSharan Jayanth

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