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Ukuzithemba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lomntwana olusempilweni. Inceda abantwana ukuba bajongane neempazamo, zama kwakhona naxa besilela okokuqala, nto leyo ibenza ukuba babone kwaye baxabise amandla abo kunye namandla abo. Ukuzithemba kunceda abantwana ukuba bajongane neengxaki, uxinzelelo loontanga kunye neminye imiceli mngeni abahlangabezana nayo ebomini babo [1] .
Abantwana abanembono esempilweni yokuzithemba baziva bonwabile kwaye abantwana abangenantembelo baziva bengaqinisekanga ngokwabo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantwana abazithemba eliphantsi banomngcipheko ophezulu wokufumana uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo [Mbini] , [3] .
Xa abantwana bezithemba ngokwabo, baziva benelunda ngoko bakwenzayo, baziva beqinisekile kwaye bayakholelwa kwiziqu zabo. Wonke umntwana wahlukile kwaye ngelixa abanye abantwana besenza ukuzithemba ngokulula abanye bafuna uncedo oluncinci kubazali babo ukwakha ukuzithemba kwabo.
Nazi ezinye iingcebiso malunga nendlela abazali abanokukhulisa ngayo ukuzithemba komntwana wabo ukuze umntwana akwazi ukujongana nemiceli mngeni abajongana nayo.
1. Thetha ngendlela eyakhayo
Ukungaphumeleli kunokubangela iimvakalelo ezingalunganga ezinokubangela ukuba umntwana angathandabuzi malunga nokuzithemba kwabo kwaye oku kunokwehlisa ukuzithemba kwabo. Ke, kubalulekile ukuba abazali bafundise ukwamkelwa kwabantwana babo kwaye babenze baqonde ukuba ukusilela kuyinxalenye yobomi kwaye banokusebenzisa la mava ukufunda nokukhula kwaye benze ngcono kwixesha elizayo. Abazali kufuneka bafundise abantwana babo ukuqinisekiswa okuqinisekileyo njengoko kunokubanceda batshintshe indlela abacinga ngayo [4] .
2. Bonisa uthando olungenamiqathango
Ukuzithemba kuvela ekuziva uthandwa kwaye unqabisekile. Ukubonisa uthando olungenamiqathango emntwaneni wakho kuya kubanika imvakalelo yokufudumala, ukhuseleko kunye nokuhlala kwabo kuya kubenza bazive bonwabile. Mthande umntwana wakho nangona besenza iimpazamo okanye izigqibo ezingalunganga kwaye uphephe ukumgxeka [5] .
3. Yiba ngumzekelo omhle
Abantwana bahlala beqaphela indlela abazali babo abaphila ngayo ubomi babo kunye nendlela abajongana ngayo nokusilela kunye nempumelelo. Xa abazali besenza imisebenzi yabo ngokuzithemba okukhulu kwaye beqhayisa ngomsebenzi abawenze kakuhle, abantwana bayawubona kwaye oku kubafundisa ukuba benze okufanayo [6] .
4. Yincome imizamo yabo
Yincome imizamo yomntwana wakho, inkqubela phambili kunye nesimo sakhe sengqondo kuyo nayiphi na into abayenzayo, endaweni yokugxila ekudumiseni kuphela kwisiphumo esihle. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana wakho ufunda isixhobo somculo esitsha okanye usebenza kwiprojekthi, baxabise. Ncoma abantwana bakho ngokubeka umgudu kwizinto njengoko oku kuya kubakhuthaza kwaye kuncede bakhe ukuzithemba kwabo [7] .
5. Bakhuthaze ukuba bafunde izinto ezintsha
Abazali kufuneka bakhuthaze abantwana babo ukuba balandele izinto ezintsha nokuba kukujoyina iklasi yokudanisa okanye ukuba yinxalenye yeqela lebhola ekhatywayo esikolweni. Baxelele ukuba banesibindi ngokuzama izinto ezintsha kwaye banokuphumelela kulo. Oku kuya kunceda ukwakha ukuzithemba komntwana wakho ekufundeni izinto ezintsha.
6. Musa ukuthelekisa abantwana bakho nabanye
Kuphephe ukuthelekisa abantwana bakho neontanga zabo kuba oku kuyakwandisa amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwabo. Abantwana bafuna ukukholisa abazali babo ngalo lonke ixesha kwaye xa bengakwazi ukwenza njalo, oku kungathoba ukuzithemba komntwana wakho kwaye baqale ukukholelwa ekubeni wonke umntu ubhetele kunabo.
7. Musa ukugxeka ukusebenza kwabo
Ukugxeka iinzame zomntwana wakho kuya kubatyhafisa bangaphinde bazame kwakhona. Nika iingcebiso kwaye ubakhuthaze ngendlela abanokuyenza ngcono ngayo kwixesha elizayo. Xa abantwana begxekwa ngenxa yeempazamo zabo, kuyabenzakalisa ukuzithemba kwabo. Kwaye ukuba umntwana wakho uyoyika ukusilela kuba bexhalabile uya kuba nomsindo, oku kunokumthintela ekuzameni kwakhona. Kuphephe ukugxeka kabukhali kwaye uthethe kakuhle nomntwana wakho [8] .
8. Nika umntwana wakho uxanduva
Nika umntwana wakho uxanduva, olulungele iminyaka yakhe, umzekelo, mnike imisebenzi yasekhaya kuba iya kubonelela ngengqondo yempumelelo. Yixabise kwaye uyincome imizamo yabo kwimisebenzi abayenzayo kwaye ubaxelele ukuba baya kuba ngcono usuku ngalunye oludlulayo. Oku kungahamba indlela ende ekwakheni ukuzithemba kunye nokomelela.
9. Nika ingqalelo kumandla abo
Nika ingqalelo kwinto abantwana bakho abayonwabelayo ukuyenza kwaye uqinisekise ukuba bayakwazi ukuyenza. Gxila kumandla abo xa bethanda ukwenza into kuba oku kuya kubenza bazive bonwabile kwaye bazithembe nakwizakhono zabo.
10. Vumela umntwana wakho ukuba asilele
Kuyindalo ukuba abazali bafuna ukukhusela umntwana wabo ekusileleni, kodwa ukuya kuvavanyo kunye nempazamo kuya kunceda abantwana bakho bafunde kwaye bakhule. Ukuba abantwana basilele kwinto ethile, bakhuthaze ukuba benze umzamo omkhulu kwixesha elizayo. Bafundise ukwenza konke ukubuyela umva ithuba lokukhula nokuphucula.
11. Zibekele iinjongo
Ukuseta kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo ezizizo, nokuba zincinci okanye zinkulu kunokubenza bazive bomelele kwaye benakho. Abazali kufuneka bancede abantwana babo baguqule amaphupha abo abe ziinjongo ngokubakhuthaza ukuba babhale phantsi izinto abanqwenela ukuzenza kwaye babancede bafunde izakhono abazifunayo ukuze bafezekise iinjongo zabo.
Ii-FAQ eziqhelekileyo
Q. Yintoni ebangela ukuzithemba okuphantsi emntwaneni?
UKUYA. Ukungonwabi ebuntwaneni ngenxa yokugxekwa ngqwabalala ngabazali okanye ngootitshala, ukungahambi kakuhle kwizifundo kunye noxinzelelo kubomi bezinye zezinto ezibangela ukungazithembi ebantwaneni.
Q. Zeziphi iimpawu zokuzithemba okuphantsi emntwaneni?
UKUYA. Ukuba nomfanekiso ongekhoyo kubo, ukungazithembi, ukuziva ulilolo kwaye ulilolo kwaye uphephe ukuzama izinto ezintsha zezinye zeempawu zokuzithemba okuphantsi.
Q. Ndingenza njani ukuba umntwana wam abe nethemba?
UKUYA. Khuthaza umntwana wakho kwaye uqaphele impumelelo yabo, ube ngumzekelo, vumela abantwana bakho ukuba bangqongwe ngabantu abanesimo esihle kwaye babafundise isimilo kunye neenqobo zabo ezilungileyo.
