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Ungaphoswa

Ekhaya Impilo Ukuphazamiseka kunyango Ukuphazamiseka kunyanga oi-Amritha K Ngu UAmritha K. NgoJanuwari 27, 2020

Ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kwenzeka xa ukuphuma kwegazi kuye entliziyweni kuvaliwe. Oko kukuthi, inokuchazwa njengokufa kwezihlunu zentliziyo ngenxa yokunqongophala kokunikezelwa kwegazi kwaye oku kuhlala kusenzeka xa iqokobhe legazi livimba umthambo obonelela ngesihlunu sentliziyo.

Ukuvalwa kubangelwa kukunqwabelana kwamafutha, icholesterol kunye nezinye izinto ezenza i-plaque kwimithambo yegazi kwaye yiyo loo nto kuthintele ukuhamba kwegazi ngokwaphuka kwenziwe amahlwili. Kwakhona kuthiwa yi-myocardial infarction, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango efuna unyango kwangoko ^[1] .

Esinye sezifo ezixhaphakileyo zentliziyo, amadoda aneminyaka engama-45 okanye ngaphezulu kunye nabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-55 okanye ngaphezulu kunokwenzeka ukuba bahlaselwe sisifo sentliziyo kunamadoda namabhinqa aselula.

Oonobangela Bokuhlaselwa Yintliziyo

Iimeko zentliziyo zibangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kubangelwa sisifo sentliziyo, imeko evale imithambo yegazi enamacwecwe anamafutha. Ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunokunciphisa imithambo yegazi kwaye kubangele isifo se-coronary disease, esona sizathu sokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo ^[Mbini] .

Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo nako kunokubangelwa sisikhephe segazi esikrazukileyo kwaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, kwenzeke ngenxa yokuqaqanjelwa yimithambo yegazi ^[3] .

Iimpawu zohlaselo lwentliziyo

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-infyoction ye-myocardial zezi zilandelayo ^[4] :

Uxinzelelo kunye nokuqina esifubeni sakho okanye kwiingalo ezinokuthi zisasaze ziye entanyeni yakho

Isicaphucaphu

Ukubila okubandayo

Isiyezi ngesiquphe

Nangona kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba iimpawu zale meko azifani kuye wonke umntu. Oko kukuthi, iimpawu ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye kwanokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kwesinye.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ufunde ukuqonda ukuba ngaba sisifo sentliziyo okanye iintlungu zesifuba kuba uninzi lwabantu aluzihoyi iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sentliziyo ngokucinga ukuba ayisiyiyo nje into ebuhlungu esifubeni ^[5] .

Ngokwengcali zonyango, iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sentliziyo akufuneki zityeshelwe kuba iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sentliziyo zivela kwiipesenti ezingama-50 zabo bonke abantu abanesifo sentliziyo. Ukuqonda iimpawu zakuqala kunokunceda ekufumaneni unyango ngokukhawuleza, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe ukonakala kwentliziyo kuba iipesenti ezingama-85 zomonakalo wentliziyo zenzeka kwiiyure ezimbini zokuqala kulandela isifo sentliziyo. ^[6] .

Iimpawu zokuqala zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo

Ubuhlungu emagxeni akho, entanyeni nasemhlathini ^[7]
Intlungu emincinci okanye ukungonwabi esifubeni sakho ezinokuza zihambe
Ukubila
Uxinzelelo olukhulu okanye ukudideka
Isihlunu okanye ukugabha
Ukuziva utyhafile
Ukuphefumla
Ubumhlophe

Ukuqonda iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo kubalulekile njengoko kunceda ekufumaneni unyango olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu ziyahluka kumadoda nabasetyhini. Makhe siqwalasele iyantlukwano, ukuze incede wena kunye nabantu obathandayo.

Iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo emadodeni

Ngokutsho kweengcali zonyango, amadoda kunokwenzeka ukuba ahlaselwe xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini. Njengomphumo wamawaka ezifundo, abaphandi bakwazile ukuqonda iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo ezithile emadodeni ^[8] .

Ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo okanye okungaqhelekanga
Ukubila okubandayo
Ukuba nesiyezi
Ukuphefumla okufutshane, okunokushiya uzive ngathi awunakufumana umoya owaneleyo (nokuba uphumle)
Ukuphazamiseka esiswini
Ubuhlungu okanye ukungonwabi kumzimba ophezulu (iingalo, igxalaba lasekhohlo, umva, intamo, umhlathi, okanye isisu)
Uvakalelo olunobunzima esifubeni sakho, esiza kwaye sihambe

Iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo kwabasetyhini

Izifundo zikwazile ukuqokelela ukuqonda ukuba iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo kwabasetyhini zahlukile kwezabafazi. Iimpawu zikhankanywe ngezantsi ^[9] .

Ukutya okanye iintlungu ezifana negesi
Intlungu yamagxa
Intlungu ephezulu yomqolo
Intlungu yomqala
Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
Ixhala
Ukuphazamiseka ebuthongweni
Ubumhlophe
Ukudinwa okungaqhelekanga kuhlala iintsuku ezininzi okanye ukudinwa ngequbuliso

Kwabasetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo uyanda njengoko eli xesha lixa umzimba wabasetyhini uguquka ngokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Kungenxa yokuba ihomoni estrogen enceda ukukhusela intliziyo yakho xa usiya exesheni- ngaloo ndlela usandisa umngcipheko ^[10] .

Ezinye zeempawu ezichazwe ngokukodwa kwabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 zezi zilandelayo ^{[Shumi elinanye]} :

Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni
Ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo okanye okungaqhelekanga
Ukubila
Intlungu okanye ukungonwabi kwingalo enye okanye zombini, umqolo, intamo, umhlathi, okanye isisu

Imiba yomngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo

Ezinye izinto zonyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kwaye zezi zilandelayo ^[12] :

Ubudala
Ukutyeba kakhulu
Icuba
I-cholesterol yegazi ephezulu okanye amanqanaba e-triglyceride
Igazi elonyukayo
Seswekile
Uxinzelelo
Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi
Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi yomzimba
Isifo seMetabolic syndrome
Imbali yosapho yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo
Imeko yokuzimela
Imbali yepreeclampsia

Iingxaki zokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo

Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunokukhokelela kwisingqi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga (arrhythmias), ukusilela kwentliziyo (uhlaselo lunokonakalisa izicwili zentliziyo ezithi izihlunu zentliziyo zishiyeke zisebenze) kwaye ukubanjwa kwentliziyo ngesiquphe ^[13] .

Ukuchongwa kwesifo sentliziyo

Ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye aqwalasele imbali yonyango. Kuza kwenziwa i-electrocardiogram (ECG) ukubeka esweni umbane wentliziyo yakho.

Ngaphandle kwezi, iisampulu zegazi ziya kufunyanwa ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ukukhangela ukonakala kwezihlunu.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zokuchonga ezichaphazelekayo zezi zilandelayo ^[14] :

Echocardiogram
I-X-ray yesifuba
ICatheterisation yeCoronary (angiogram)
Zilolonge uvavanyo loxinzelelo
I-Cardiac CT okanye iMRI

Unyango lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo

Kuxhomekeka kwisizathu kunye nemeko, ugqirha uya kuncomela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo.

Into yokuqala nokuphambili eyenziweyo iya kuba kukuthanjiswa kwentliziyo apho iphenyo iya kufakwa kwimithambo yegazi, ethi yona incede ugqirha ukuba aqonde i-plaque buildup ^{[Shumi elinantlanu]} .

Kwimeko yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, ugqirha uya kuncomela iinkqubo ezinceda ekuthomalaliseni iintlungu nasekuthinteleni ukuqala kolunye uhlaselo lwentliziyo.

Iinkqubo zibandakanya i-angioplasty, i-stent, utyando lwentliziyo ngokudlula, utyando lwevalvu yentliziyo, pacemaker kunye nokufakelwa kwentliziyo ^[16] .

Amayeza amiselwe ukunyanga ukubetha kwentliziyo kubandakanya i-aspirin, i-antiplatelet kunye ne-anticoagulants (igazi elincinci), iziyobisi zokususa amahlwili, iipilisi zentlungu, i-thrombolytics, i-beta-blockers, i-ACE inhibitors, i-statins, i-nitroglycerin kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi ^[17] .

Cwaka uhlaselo lwentliziyo

Kuyafana nakulo naluphi na uhlaselo lwentliziyo oluqhelekileyo, isifo sentliziyo esithe cwaka senzeka ngaphandle kweempawu eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuhlala kubangela ukuba umntu angazi nokuba uhlaselwa.

Ngokwezifundo, iipesenti ezingama-45 zabantu eIndiya bafumana uhlaselo lwentliziyo unyaka nonyaka bengazi. Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo nako kwenza umonakalo entliziyweni yakho kwaye kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo ^[18] .

Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kuqhelekile kubantu abanesifo seswekile nakubantu abaye bahlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo ngaphambili.

Iimpawu ezinokuthi zibonise ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo zilandelayo zilandelayo ^[19] :

Ubumdaka bolusu
Intlungu zesisu
Isitshisa
Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
Ukwanda kokudinwa
Ukungonwabi kakuhle kwisifuba sakho, umhlathi okanye iingalo ezihamba nokuphumla

Ukuthintela uhlaselo lwentliziyo

Ukwamkela nokwenza utshintsho kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla kunye nemikhwa kunokunceda ekulawuleni imeko ^{[Amashumi amabini]} .

Kuphephe ukutshaya
Zilolonge rhoqo
Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni
Yitya a impilo-ntle ukutya
Ukulawula isifo seswekile
Lawula uxinzelelo
Nciphisa ukuselwa kotywala
Lawula i-cholesterol yakho kunye namanqanaba oxinzelelo lwegazi
Fumana ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango

Amanyathelo okuthintela

Kunqande ukuthatha iipilisi zokulawula ukubeleka ukuba uye wahlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, njengoko zinokunyusa umsebenzi wokunqanda igazi emzimbeni wakho ^{[amashumi amabini ananye]} .

Jonga iZalathiso zeNqaku

[1]ISchilling, R. (2016). Kuphephe Oko Kuhlaselwa Yintliziyo.
[Mbini]IBayrak, D., kunye neTosun, N. (2018). Ukuchongwa kwemisebenzi yokonga kuthintelo lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha kwizigulana ezixinzelelo. Ijenali yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeeNzululwazi eziKhathalayo, i-11 (2), 1073.
[3]UHuang, uC., Kunye noLiao, uP.C (2016). Ukuhlaselwa Yintliziyo Kubangela Intloko-Ache – Intliziyo iCephalalgia. U-Acta Cardiologica Sinica, 32 (2), 239.
[4]Chau, P.H, Moe, G., Lee, S. Y., Woo, J., Leung, A. Y., Chow, C. M., ... kunye noZerwic, J. (2018). Inqanaba eliphantsi lolwazi lweempawu zokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kunye nokuziphatha okungalindelekanga kokufuna unyango phakathi kwamaTshayina amadala: kuvavanyo olunamacandelo. J Epidemiol yoLuntu lwezeMpilo, 72 (7), 645-652.
[5]IBayrak, D., kunye neTosun, N. (2018). Ukuchongwa kwemisebenzi yokonga kuthintelo lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha kwizigulana ezixinzelelo. Ijenali yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeeNzululwazi eziKhathalayo, i-11 (2), 1073.
[6]I-Kitakata, H., Kohno, T., Kohsaka, S., Fujino, J., Nakano, N., Fukuoka, R., ... & Fukuda, K. (2018). Ukuzithemba komonde ngokubhekisele kuguquko kwindlela yokuphila yesibini kunye nolwazi 'lweempawu zesifo sentliziyo ezilandela ukuvuseleleka kwakhona kweJapan: isifundo esiphambeneyo. I-BMJ ivulekile, 8 (3), e019119.
[7]INarcisse, M. R., Rowland, B., Ixesha elide, C. R., Felix, H., & McElfish, P. A. (2019). Ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye neempawu zestroke Ulwazi lwabantu baseHawaii baseIndiya kunye neZiqithi zePasifiki eUnited States: Iziphumo ezifunyenwe kuPhando lweSizwe loPhononongo lwezeMpilo. Inkqubo yokukhuthaza ezempilo, 1524839919845669.
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[Shumi elinanye]UFinnegan Jr, J. R., Meischke, H., Zapka, J. G., Leviton, L., Meshack, A., Benjamin-Garner, R., ... kunye noWeitzman, E. R. (2000). Ukulibaziseka komonde ekufuneni ukhathalelo lweempawu zentliziyo: Iziphumo ezivela kumaqela ekugxilwe kuwo aqhutywa kwimimandla emihlanu yase-US. Amayeza othintelo, 31 (3), 205-213.
[12]Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., ... & Howard, V. J. (2016). Isifo sentliziyo kunye ne-stroke statistics-ngo-2016 uhlaziya ingxelo evela kwi-American Heart Association. Ukujikeleza, 133 (4), e38-e48.
[13]Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., ... kunye noHuffman, M. D. (2015). Isishwankathelo esilawulayo: isifo sentliziyo kunye ne-stroke Statistics-Uhlaziyo luka-2015: ingxelo evela kwi-American Heart Association. Ukujikeleza, 131 (4), 434-441.
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[Shumi elinantlanu]Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., ... & Howard, V. J. (2016). Isishwankathelo sesigqeba: isifo sentliziyo kunye ne-stroke Statistics-uhlaziyo lwe-2016: ingxelo evela kwi-American Heart Association. Ukujikeleza, 133 (4), 447-454.
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