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Ukhwekhwe sisifo esosulelayo esikhulayo esibangelwa sisuntswana esincinci esibizwa ngokuba ziiSarcoptes scabiei var. i-hominis ebangela ukurhawuzelela okukhulu kunye nobomvu kulusu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngabantu abazizigidi ezingama-300 abachaphazeleka ngukhwekhwe kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le. Ukhwekhwe luchaphazela abantu bazo zonke iintlanga kunye neeklasi zentlalo, nangona kunjalo ulutsha, abantu abadala, amandla omzimba abuthathaka okanye abantu abalibazisayo ekukhuleni basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokwehla [1] .
Yintoni Ebangela ukhwekhwe? [1]
IiSarcoptes scabiei var. hominis sisilwanyana esinemilenze esibhozo esibangela ukhwekhwe ebantwini luyimicroscopic. I-mite mite iyazigquma kulusu oluphezulu apho ihlala khona ize izalele amaqanda. Imibungu iqandusela kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezine kwaye ithathe iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-14 ukukhula ngokweentsholongwane ezindala. Nje ukuba bakhule, banokusasazeka nakwezinye iindawo zolusu.
Izikrelemnqa ezinamakhwekhwe zihlala zifumaneka phakathi kweminwe, iingqiniba, amakhwapha, ekuguqukeni kwesihlahla, amalungu esini okanye amabele. Kubantwana nakubantu abadala, amakhwekhwe afumaneka entloko nasentanyeni.
Umntu osulelwe ngukhwekhwe uba negalelo kwizikhukukazi, amaqanda kunye nelindle lakhe elidla ngokwenzeka kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokuvezwa okokuqala.
Ukhwekhwe olukrwitshiweyo (ukhwekhwe lwaseNorway) luhlobo olunqabileyo lukakhwekhwe olwenzeka ngenxa yokubamba impendulo yomzimba yokulawula iintsholongwane. Ngenxa yoko, umntu wosulelwa linani elikhulu lamangolwane (ukuya kuthi ga kwizigidi ezibini), esosulela kakhulu ngokungafaniyo namakhoko aqhelekileyo, apho umntu athe wahlaselwa zizinambuzane ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-15. [Mbini] .
Ukhwekhwe oluqhekekileyo lunokuchaphazela abantu abadala, abantu abangenakuncitshiswa emzimbeni okanye abantu abaneemeko ezifana nokwenzakala kwethambo lomqolo, ukukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunye nokuphulukana nemvakalelo ebathintelayo ukuba bangarhawuzeleli okanye bakrwembe ulusu [3] .
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Scabies
Ukhwekhwe luhlala lusasazeka ngokungqalileyo, ngokudibana nolusu ukuya kolusu njengokubambana ngezandla okanye ukuba neentlobano zesini nomntu osulelekileyo onokhwekhwe. Imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20 yokunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nomntu osulelekileyo kunokudlulisa ukhwekhwe ngokulula [4] .
Izilwanyana zingasinda kude nomzimba womntu malunga neeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-36, ngenxa yoko kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhwekhwe ngofomites, ezinje ngeempahla kunye nelinen yebhedi, nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho aluqhelekanga [5] .
Iimpawu zoKrwala
Umntu emva kokosulelwa okokuqala akabonakalisi zimpawu zide zifike kwiinyanga ezimbini (iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu). Nangona kunjalo, izigulana ezingenasifo zisenokusasaza ukhwekhwe ngeli xesha.
Umntu owosuleleke ngukhwekhwe ngaphambili, iimpawu zivela kwintsuku enye ukuya kwezine emva kokuvezwa.
Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo ukhwekhwe zibandakanya:
• Irhashalala eluswini
• Ukurhawuzelela okumandla okuhlala kusiba kubi ebusuku
• Amaqhuma abomvu namadyungudyungu kulusu olurhawuzayo nolubomvu [6] .
Izinto zomngcipheko weSkabi
• Ulutsha
• Abantu abadala
• Abantu abanomkhuhlane okhuselayo
• Abantu abalityazisiweyo kuphuhliso
• Izicwangciso zokhathalelo lwabantwana, izibonelelo zokhathalelo lwexesha elide neentolongo ziindawo eziqhelekileyo zokuhlaselwa kukakhwekhwe [7] .
Iingxaki ze-Scabies
• Urhawuzelelo olunzulu lukhokelela ekukrwemeni okubanga ukosuleleka ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-impetigo, i-pyoderma ebangelwe yi-Staphylococcus aureus kunye ne-group A streptococcus bacteria. Ezi zifo zesifo se-bacteria ngamanye amaxesha zingakhokelela kwi-post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis kunye nesifo senhliziyo [8] , [9] .
• Ukuphuthelwa
• Uxinzelelo
Xa uza kubona ugqirha wakho
Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuba unamaqhuma abomvu, alumkileyo kunye amancinci kulusu olungayi kuhamba.
Ukuchongwa Kukhwekhwe
Ukhwekhwe phantse lukhangeleka lufana nezinye iimeko zolusu ezifana ne-eczema, impetigo, irhashalala kunye ne-psoriasis ezenza kube nzima ukufumanisa ukhwekhwe. Njengophando lwaseBrazil, iipesenti ezili-18 ukuya kuma-43 epesenti yabantwana abafunyaniswe benokhwekhwe.
Ukuchongwa kwamakhwekhwe kusekelwe kwinkangeleko, irhashalala kwiindawo ezithile, iimpawu kunye nobukho bemingxunya kulusu.
Uxilongo lwenziwa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
• Ukukhutshwa kolusu -Ukrwela indawo yesikhumba emngxunyeni ukuze uyivavanye ngemicroscope, enokunceda ekuboneni ubukho beemites okanye amaqanda azo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-inki yeBurrow -Ukuhlikihla ngobunono umngxunya ngaphantsi kwepeni yomthombo, uwugqume nge-inki. I-inki engaphezulu iyacinywa ngotywala. Ukuba umngxunya ukhona, i-inki iya kuyilandela kwaye icacise umda womngxuma.
• Dermoscopy -Yindlela yokuqonda isifo ebandakanya ukuqaqanjelwa kwesikhumba [10] .
Unyango lwee-Scabi
• Ipermethrin - Yikhrimu esetyenziswa ekunyangeni ukhwekhwe. Ipesenti ezintlanu zekhrimu ye-permethrin kufuneka ifakwe kulusu ukusuka entanyeni ukuya enzwaneni kwaye uyiyeke ubusuku bonke emva koko uyihlambe. Kwiintsana, ukhilimu usetyenziswa kuwo wonke umzimba kubandakanya ubuso nentloko. I-cream ye-Permethrin kufuneka iphinde isetyenziswe kwiveki enye ukubulala amaqanda e-mite asandula ukuqanduselwa. I-Permethrin ikhuselekile ukuba ingasetyenziswa xa ukhulelwe okanye usanyisa.
• Ivermectin -I-Ivermectin yomlomo isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukhwekhwe, ngakumbi ukhwekhwe olukrwada kunye nokusetyenziswa ekulawuleni ukuqhambuka kwamaziko okanye abahlali, nangona i-United States yokutya kunye noLawulo lweeDrug alukwamkeli ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunyango lwekhwekhwe.
Olunye uphononongo luye lwathi ivermectin ilawulwa ngomlomo njengedosi enye yeyabantu abaneminyaka eli-10 nangaphezulu. Amayeza ongezelelweyo anikwa kwiiveki ezimbini kamva ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka. Idosi ezimbini ze-ivermectin zi-scabistatic, idosi yesibini ibulala amatyhefu aqanduselwe.
Ivermectin ayikhuthazwa kubantwana abanobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-15 kg kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abancancisayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Ivermectin kuxhomekeke kuncedo, ukulawulwa lula, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nokhuseleko.
• Ibenzyl benzoate - Lelinye iyeza elisebenzayo nelolona lusetyenziswa kakhulu kumazwe ahambele phambili. Ukusetyenziswa okucetyiswayo kwe-benzyl benzoate ngama-28 epesenti yabantu abadala kunye ne-10 ukuya kwi-12.5 yepesenti yabantwana. Faka i-benzyl benzoate cream kulusu kwaye uyiyeke iiyure ezingama-24. Abafazi abakhulelweyo akufuneki basebenzise eli yeza [Shumi elinanye] , [12] , [13] .
Amayeza e-Antihistamine angasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukurhawuzelela. Kwaye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwebacteria.
Ukuthintela ukhwekhwe
Ukuthintela ukosuleleka kwakhona nokusasazeka kwamakhwekhwe, kuya kufuneka uthathe la manyathelo alandelayo:
• Hlamba yonke ilinen yokulala kubandakanya amashiti ebhedi, iingubo kunye neebhegi zomqamelo kunye neempahla emanzini ashushu. Bomise ngobushushu obomileyo.
• Ukuba amanzi ashushu akafumaneki, beka yonke ilinen yokunxiba kunye nempahla kwisingxobo seplastikhi esitywiniweyo uze ugcine kude kangangeentsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe njengoko iintsholongwane zingenakuphila ngaphandle kokudibana nolusu lomntu ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezine.
• Kuphephe ukunxibelelana ngqo nolusu nolusu nomntu onesi sifo.
• Coca ezinye iindawo ngamanzi ashushu anokuqulatha izilwanyana.
• Onke amalungu osapho athe ahlangana ngqo nelungu losapho elosulelekileyo kufuneka anyangwe kunye nelungu elosulelekileyo ukunqanda ukubhencwa kwakhona kunye nokubuyiselwa kwakhona.
Ii-FAQ eziqhelekileyo
Q. Ndilufumene njani ukhwekhwe?
UKUYA . Ukhwekhwe luhlala lusasazeka ngqo, ekunxibelelaneni nolusu nolusu. Ukuba uthe wadibana ngokusondeleyo nomntu osulelekileyo, kukho amathuba aphezulu okuba wosulelwe ngukhwekhwe.
Q. Yintoni ebulala ukhwekhwe kwangoko?
UKUYA. I-cream ye-Permethrin lunyango lokuqala lonyango ukhwekhwe.
Q. Ngaba ukhwekhwe lungahamba lodwa?
UKUYA. Hayi. Amayeza amiselweyo kunye namayeza athile asekhaya anokunceda ekupheliseni ukhwekhwe.
Q. Zidla ixesha elingakanani ukhwekhwe?
UKUYA. Izikrelemnqa ezinamachaphaza zinokuhlala emntwini kangangenyanga enye ukuya kwezimbini.
Q. Ingaba amanzi ashushu abulala ukhwekhwe?
UKUYA. Izilwanyana ezinamakhwekhwe ziya kufa ukuba zichanabeke kubushushu obungama-50 ° C (122 ° F) kangangemizuzu eli-10.
Q. Ngaba ukhwekhwe lubangelwa yimpilo engekho mgangathweni?
UKUYA. Intlupheko, ukuxinana, ukwabiwa kweebhedi kunye neentsapho ezinabantwana abaninzi zonyusa umngcipheko ukhwekhwe.
Q. Kwenzeka ntoni xa ukhwekhwe lushiywe lunganyangwa?
UKUYA. Ukuba ukhwekhwe luyekile lunganyangwa, izilwanyana zingaphila kulusu lwakho iinyanga.
