Ukonakaliswa kweLungul-okubangelwa yiLungulfan: Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nezifo ezinqabileyo esibhakabhakeni ziPinki

Amagama Aphezulu Ebantwaneni

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Umboniso bhanyabhanya omtsha we-Bollywood 'Isibhakabhaka siPinki' usezindabeni ngazo zonke izizathu ezifanelekileyo. Ngokusekwe kwibali lobomi bokwenyani lika-Aisha Chaudhary, imovie ejikeleze imeko enqabileyo yezonyango, umonakalo owenziwe ngu-Busulfan wemiphunga okanye i-pulmonary fibrosis eyabangela ukusweleka ngaphambi kwexesha kuka-Aisha eneminyaka eyi-18.

Izalwe ine-immunodeficiency (SCID) edityanisiweyo, intombazana encinci kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ithathelwe umongo wethambo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ubudala, xa yafakwa kwiBusulfan (iyeza lomhlaza). Iyeza laqhubeka ke lenza ukuba i-pulmonary fibrosis esisiphumo esinqabileyo secandelo lonyango.

Ngaphambi kokuqonda ukuba yintoni ingozi eyenzekileyo yemiphunga ebangelwa yiBusulfan kunye neenkcukacha zayo, makhe sijonge kwi-SCID.

Yintoni eQinisekisiweyo yokudityaniswa kwamajoni omzimba (i-SCID)?

Ingxaki yemfuza enqabileyo, i-SCID ibonakaliswa kukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kweeseli ze-T kunye neeseli ze-B, njengesiphumo sokutshintsha kwemfuzo okuninzi. Imeko leyo ibangela ukuba umntwana asezantsi kakhulu okanye angabinalo kwaphela ukhuseleko, oko kubangela ukuba umzimba womntwana uthambekele kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo ^{[1] [Mbini]} .

Abantwana abanalesi sifo sinqabileyo, esizuze ilifa bagula kakhulu ngezifo ezinje nge-pneumonia, meningitis, kunye nenkuku kwaye banokufa kunyaka wokuqala wobomi babo. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza ale mihla kunye neendlela zonyango ziye zanceda ukuphucula.

Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo lolona nyango lusebenzayo kwi-SCID ^[3] .

Ke, yintoni uTshintsho loMongo wethambo?

Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo lonyango oluthatha indawo yomongo ongenampilo kunye nolunempilo. Umongo wethambo sisithambo esithambileyo, esinesiponji ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho esenza iiseli ezenza igazi (iiseli zegazi) ezijika zibe ziiseli zegazi ukulwa usulelo, zithwale ioksijini kuwo wonke umzimba kunye nokulawula ukopha ^[4] .

Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ukwenzelwa ukufaka iiseli zomongo wethambo emntwini emva kokuba umongo wethambo ongafunekiyo ususwe, kwaye kuyanceda ekuphuculeni amajoni omzimba omntwana ^[5] .

Kunye nentaphane yezibonelelo ukufakelwa kunokuphucula impilo yomntu, ikwanazo neengxaki ezininzi ezinje ngesifo se-graft-versus-host, ukusilela kweseli ye-stem, ukonakala komzimba, usulelo, i-cataract, ukungachumi, umhlaza omtsha kunye nokufa ^{[6] [1]} .

I-Busulfan sisiyobisi esichasene nomhlaza esetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokutshintsha umongo wethambo. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwakho iingxelo zeli chiza elinefuthe elibi kubantu abenziwe utyando, nge-pulmonary fibrosis yeyona inzima.

Ngoku ekubeni sigubungele izizathu, masiqwalasele umxholo ophambili, 'Umonakalo wemiphunga obangelwa yiBusulfan' kwaye ngenxa yoko, kufuneka sazi ukuba yintoni iBusulfan kwaye isebenza njani ^[7] .

Yintoni iBusulfan?

Iyeza lonyango lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza kunye nokutshabalalisa umongo wethambo ongafunekiyo ngaphambi kokufakwa komongo wethambo. Iyeza lokunyanga ngamayeza ekhemotherapy lelona liqela leziyobisi zibizwa ngokuba ziiarhente ze-alkylating kwaye isebenza ngokucotha okanye ukumisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza emzimbeni wakho. ^[8] . Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwegazi okunje nge-polycythemia vera kunye ne-myeloid metaplasia kunye nokunyanga i-leukemia engapheliyo (i-CML). ^[9] .

Nangona kunjalo, ichiza le-chemotherapy, njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, linefuthe elibi elenza i-pulmonary fibrosis ebizwa ngokuba ngumonakalo wemiphunga obangelwa yi-Busulfan ^{[9] [10]} .

Yintoni uBusulfan Lung Damage?

Umphunga weBusulfan, obizwa ngeklinikhi njenge-pulmonary fibrosis ubangelwa lunyango apho izicwili zemiphunga zonakala zize zonakale. Nangona inqabile, imeko iyabulala kwaye yenzeka ngeepesenti ezi-5 zezigulana ezanyangwa ngeBusulfan ^{[Shumi elinanye]} . Ingxelo yokuqala yomonakalo wemiphunga kaBusulfan waxelwa ngo-1961.

Le meko ibangela ukuba kwenziwe imicu eqinile kwaye eqinileyo kwimiphunga, ethi yona yenze kube nzima ukuba umntu aphefumle.

Kodwa, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ichiza linezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu, ezinje ngezi zilandelayo ^[12] :

• Ukopha kakhulu
• Ukungabi namandla
• Cataract
• Uvavanyo lwe-atrophy
• Amenorrhoea
• Ukuphazamiseka kwimveku engekazalwa
• Ukuzalisa
• I-fibrosis yepulmonary
• Ukufakwa kwe-uric acid kwii-tubules zezintso
• Ukunqongophala kwegazi
• Alopecia
• Gynaecomastia

Ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinobuzaza zamayeza zezi zilandelayo ^{[Shumi elinanye]} :

• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukutshintsha umbala kolusu
• Ukuhlanza
• Urhudo
• Rashes
• Ukudinwa
• Umlomo owomileyo

Uchongwa njani uBusulfan Lung Damage?

Ukujonga ukuba imeko ibangelwa lunyango, kunzima ukufumanisa imeko. Kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, imeko iya kuba kwinqanaba layo eliphambili.

Isisombululo esiphakamileyo sekhompyuter ye-tomography (i-CT Scan) kunye ne-histopathology zezona ndlela zisondeleyo ezinokukunceda ukufumanisa imeko ^[13] . Kwezinye iimeko zomonakalo wemiphunga kaBusulfan, ukufumanisa isifo kuye kwaveza oku kulandelayo:

• Ukunciphisa i-carbon monoxide (CO) yokukhupha amandla
• Iphethini ethintelayo yokuphefumla kuvavanyo lomsebenzi wephemmonary
• I-X-ray yesifuba inokubonisa amabala angafaniyo kunye namachaphaza kumacala omabini emiphunga
• Ubukho beerali
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wemilebe, ulusu, okanye iinzipho ngenxa yeqondo eliphantsi leoksijini yegazi
• Ukwandiswa okungaqhelekanga kwesiseko seenzipho

Kwinqaku lokugqibela ...

Ukuba imeko ibanjiwe kumanqanaba okuqala, kulula ukuthelekisa i-pulmonary fibrosis ye-pulmonary-njengoko unyango lwangoku lwamachiza lunokuyekiswa kwaye kunyangwe amayeza amatsha. ^{[14] [Shumi elinantlanu]} .

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kwenziwe izifundo ngakumbi ekuqondeni ikhosi yemeko yokubulala amayeza kunye nokuphuhlisa unyango olufanelekileyo ngokufanayo.

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