Ukungondleki kubantwana nakubantu abadala: oonobangela, iimpembelelo kunye nokuthintela

Amagama Aphezulu Ebantwaneni

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Ngokwedatha eyenziwe liBhunga laseIndiya loPhando lwezoNyango (ICMR), iSiseko sezeMpilo seIndiya (i-PHFI) kunye neZiko leLizwe leZondlo (i-NIN) Isondlo, kwi-2017, ukungondleki yeyona nto iphambili ekubulaweni kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ku lonke ilizwe lase-India. Ibalelwa kuma-68.2% abaswelekileyo abantwana. Ireyithi yokufa inyuke kakhulu yaya kwi-706,000.

EMazantsi e-Asia lelona lizwe linengxaki yokungondleki kakuhle komntwana, ngokwe-Global Hunger Index. Ehlabathini lonke, malunga nezigidi ezingama-795 zabantu abondlekanga, uninzi lwabo luseAfrika naseAsia.

Idatha yeBhanki yeHlabathi ibonisa ukuba i-India lelinye lawona manani aphezulu kubantwana abanengxaki yokungondleki. E-India e-2017, ubuninzi besisindo sokuzalwa esiphantsi sasiyi-21.4%, umntwana onobunzima obungaphantsi kwama-32.7%, ukumosha umntwana kwaba kwi-15.7%, ukothuka kwabantwana kwaku-39.3%, abantwana abatyebe kakhulu kwi-11.5%, i-anemia ebantwaneni yayiyi-59.7% , kunye ne-anemia kubafazi abaneminyaka eyi-15-49 yayiyi-54.4%.

Amazwe aseIndiya apho ukungondleki kugqame khona yiRajasthan, Bihar, Assam kunye ne-Uttar Pradesh.

Yintoni ukungondleki? ^[1]

Ngokwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), ukungondleki kuthetha ukuba kukho ukunqongophala okanye ukungalingani kwindlela ubani athatha ngayo izakhamzimba. Ibandakanya amaqela amabini abanzi eemeko-ukungondleki okubandakanya ukumosha, ukuqina, ukutyeba kunye nokusilela kwe-micronutrient. Eyesibini kukungondleki kakhulu apho kukho ukutya okugqithisileyo okunokubangela ukutyeba kakhulu, ityhefu yovithamini, njl.

Izizathu Zokungondleki ^[Mbini]

• Iimeko zexesha elide ezibangela ukuswela ukutya
• Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya
• Ukonyusa ibango lomzimba lamandla
• Imeko yezempilo yengqondo enjenge-schizophrenia okanye uxinzelelo oluchaphazela imeko yakho kunye nomnqweno wokutya
• Iimeko ezinje ngesifo sikaCrohn okanye isifo sokudumba okwenziwa sisilonda sikabhobhosi sichaphazela ukukwazi komzimba ukwetyisa ukutya okanye ukufunxa izondlo
• Omnye unobangela wokungondleki isenokuba yianorexia, ingxaki yokutya
• Iingxaki zentlalo nokuhamba
• Utywala
• Ukuncancisa.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokungondleki

• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla kukutya okanye kwiziselo
• Ukucaphuka nokudinwa
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila
• Ndiziva ndibanda ngalo lonke ixesha
• Ukuphulukana nethishu yomzimba, ubunzima bemisipha, kunye nelahleko yamafutha
• Ixesha elide lokuphilisa amanxeba
• Umngcipheko ophezulu wokugula kunye nokuthatha ixesha lokufumana kwakhona.

Abantwana babonisa ukunqongophala kokukhula kwaye bayadinwa kwaye bacaphuke. Ukuziphatha kunye nokukhula kwengqondo kuyacotha, kusenokubangela ubunzima ekufundeni. Kwaye xa abantu abadala benengxaki yokungondleki kakuhle, bachacha ngokupheleleyo ngonyango.

Iindidi Zokungondleki

1. Ukungaphumeleli kokukhula kokungondleki Kukungaphumeleli komntu ukukhula njengoko kulindelwe kubunzima nokuphakama ngokobudala bakhe kunye nesini ^[3] .

2. Ukungondleki okanye ukuchitha -Yenzeka ngesiquphe, ekuphulukaneni nomzimba ngokukhawuleza. Oku kukhokelela kwiindidi ezintathu zekliniki yokungondleki, i-kwashiorkor, kunye ne-marasmic-kwashiorkor ^[4] .

3. Ukungondleki okanye umntu onengxaki -Lolu hlobo lokungondleki luqala ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene yoomama kwaye lukhokelela ekukhuleni komntwana.

4. Ukungondleki - Oku kubhekisa kwimodareyitha yokunqongophala kakhulu kwevithamini A, ivithamin B, ivithamin C, ivithamin D, calcium, iodine, folate, iron, zinc kunye ne selenium. ^[5] .

Zithini iziphumo zokungondleki ebantwaneni? ^[6]

• Amazinyo abolayo
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle komzimba
• Iintsini ezidumbileyo nezophayo
• Ulusu olomileyo nolunamaxolo
• Ukutyeba
• Ukuba nengxaki yokugxila kunye nokunikela ingqalelo
• Isisu esidumbileyo
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Ukukhula kakubi
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla
• Unyango
• Ukusilela kokusebenza komzimba
• Iingxaki zokufunda

Yintoni ebangela ukungondleki ebantwaneni? ^[7]

Izifo ezibangela ukudumba okungapheliyo kwamathumbu emathunjini afana nesifo sokudumba kunye nesifo se-celiac ebantwaneni kunokukhokelela kukungondleki. Usulelo lwesisu emathunjini ebantwaneni lukwabangela ukungondleki ebantwaneni.

Ungabanyanga njani abantwana abangondlekanga? ^[8]

Iziphumo ezininzi eziyingozi zokungondleki zinokujikwa kuphela xa umntwana engondlekanga. Ukuba ubona ukuba umntwana wakho uya esiba buthathaka, ke uswele izondlo. Thetha nogqirha wakho onokuqhuba uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye uya kubuza malunga neendidi kunye nenani lokutya okutyiwa ngumntwana wakho. Ugqirha uya kulinganisa ukuphakama komntwana wakho, ubunzima bomzimba kunye nesalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI), jonga naziphi na iimeko ezingaphantsi ezinokubangela ukungondleki, uku-odola uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela ukusilela kwesondlo.

Unyango lokungondleki luxhomekeke kwisizathu. Ingcali yokutya inokucebisa utshintsho oluthile kubungakanani bokutya kwaye icebise izongezo zokutya ezinje ngeevithamini kunye neeminerals. Ayisiba bantwana bodwa, kodwa nabantu abadala abadala nabo babonakala benokungondleki.

Zithini iziphumo zokungondleki kubantu abadala?

Abantu abadala abanengxaki yokungondleki banokuba neengxaki ezininzi zempilo ezinje ngokulahleka komzimba, ukuphelelwa ngamandla kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha, ukudinwa nokudinwa, uxinzelelo, i-anemia, uxinzelelo, iingxaki zememori kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Ngenxa yezi ngxaki zempilo, abantu abadala abangondlekanga bandwendwela oogqirha babo rhoqo. Abakwazi kuphila kunyango okanye ezinye iinkqubo ngokukhawuleza njengabantu abadala abasempilweni abondleke kakuhle.

Yintoni ebangela ukungondleki kubantu abadala? ^[9]

Izinto ezininzi zinokubangela ukungondleki kubantu abadala kubandakanya:

Iingxaki zempilo -Ukuba neengxaki zempilo ezinje ngesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nezinye izifo ezinganyangekiyo kukhokelela ekuphelelweni ngumdla wokutya. Banokubekwa kukutya okuthintelweyo ngokunjalo.

Amayeza - Kukho amayeza athile anokunciphisa ukutya kwakho okanye achaphazele incasa nevumba lokutya elinokwenza ukuba kubenzima ukutya ukutya.

Ukukhubazeka - Abantu abadala abaphila nesifo sengqondo esiyingozi okanye ukukhubazeka emzimbeni kunye nokuhlala bodwa abanakho ukuziphekela.

Utywala -Inciphisa ukutya kwaye iphazamise inkqubo yendalo yomzimba yokufunxa izondlo. Iphazamisa inkqubo yesondlo ngokuchaphazela ukugcinwa kokutya, ukwetyiswa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokukhutshwa kwezondlo.

Ungakunyanga njani ukungondleki kubantu abadala? ^[10]

• Kubalulekile ukucela uhlolo kwiingxaki zesondlo ngexesha lotyelelo logqirha oluqhelekileyo kwaye ubuze malunga neemfuno zesondlo ezikulungele kakhulu.
• Ukutya okupakishwe zizakhamzimba kufuneka kutyiwe. Yitya kakhulu amandongomane kunye nembewu, i-curd, iziqhamo, imifuno, ukutya okuziinkozo, i-nut butter, ubisi olupheleleyo njlnjl. Ungongeza amaqanda amhlophe angaphezulu kwii-omelette kwaye wongeze itshizi kwisuphu yakho, i-noodle kunye neesendwitshi ukongeza ixabiso lesondlo.
• Ukutya okuthintelweyo kunokwenziwa kube nomtsalane ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa ijusi yelamuni, iziqholo kunye namayeza.
• Binge ukutya okulula okunempilo njengeqhekeza leziqhamo okanye itshizi, icephe lebhotolo yamandongomane okanye iziqhamo ezibushelelezi eziya kunika umzimba wakho isixa esaneleyo sezakhamzimba kunye neekhalori.
• Zama ukwenza imithambo elula ukuya kuthi ga ngokulula, iya kunceda ekuvuseleleni ukutya, yomeleze amathambo kunye nezihlunu.

Ngubani Osemngciphekweni oPhezulu wokungondleki?

• Abantu abadala, ngakumbi abo basesibhedlele.
• Abantu abanomvuzo ophantsi okanye abo bahlala bodwa ngokwasentlalweni.
• Abantu abaneengxaki zexesha elide ezingapheliyo, umzekelo, ukuphazamiseka ekutyeni njenge-anorexia nervosa kunye ne-bulimia.
• Abantu abachacha kwisigulo okanye imeko ebaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi ezo meko zichaphazela amandla abo okutya.

Ungayibona njani indawo yokungondleki?

Ukufumanisa ukungondleki, kufuneka ujonge ukutya okuthandayo, ujonge ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga, jonga amanxeba athatha ixesha ukuphola, iingxaki zamazinyo kwaye ugcine ithebhu kumayeza achaphazela ukutya.

Iindlela Zokuthintela ukungondleki

1. Khetha ukutya okusempilweni

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuthaza abantu obathandayo ukuba bakhethe ukutya okusempilweni. Kuqala, qala ngokufumana ulwazi lwakho lomntu siqu lwesondlo ngokusekwe kwisini sakho, ubudala, ubude, ubunzima kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi womzimba. Konwabele ukutya kwakho ngelixa usitya, gcwalisa isiqingatha seplate yakho ngamaorenji, obomvu, omdaka kunye neziqhamo nemibala eluhlaza okomnyama.

2. Ukutya okulula okusempilweni

Isinongo kwizinto zokutya ezisempilweni ukufumana idosi elungileyo yezongezo kunye neekhalori phakathi kokutya. Ukutya okutyayo okunempilo kuya kuyiphucula impilo yakho iyonke, kukonyuse amandla engqondo, kulawule imeko, kwaye kunike umzimba wakho inani elaneleyo lamandla.

3. Yenza umthambo

Njengoko ukungondleki kubangela ukwehla kobunzima obukhulu, ukuzilolonga imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kunokunceda ekulawuleni ubunzima, ukulwa imeko zempilo kunye nezifo, ukuphucula imeko kunye nokunyusa amandla.

4. Yongeza izongezo kwisidlo sakho

Umntu onokungondleki unokufumana isibonelelo sokuncedisa okanye ezinye izongezo zesondlo.

Yabelana eli nqaku!

1. [1]UYadav, S. S., Yadav, S. T., Mishra, P., Mittal, A., Kumar, R., kunye no-Singh, J. (2016). Isifundo se-Epidemiological sokungondleki phakathi kwaBantwana abangaphantsi kwesihlanu baseHallana nasezidolophini. Ijenali yophando lweklinikhi kunye nokuqonda isifo: JCDR, 10 (2), LC07-LC10.
2. [Mbini]I-Motedayen, M., Dousti, M., Sayehmiri, F., kunye noPourmahmoudi, A. A. (2019). Uphando lobuninzi kunye noonobangela bokungondleki eIran: Inqaku lokujonga kwakhona kunye nohlalutyo lweMeta.Uphando lwezonyango, 8 (2), 101-118.
3. [3]Scholl, T. O., Johnston, F. E., Cravioto, J., DeLicardie, E. R., kunye noLurie, D. S. (1979). Ubudlelwane bokungaphumeleli kokukhula (ukungondleki okungapheliyo) kukuxhaphaka kokungondleki kwe-protein-yamandla ekliniki kunye nokudodobala kokukhula kwiprotein-energy energyIjenali yaseMelika yesondlo sezonyango, i-32 (4), 872-878.
4. [4]I-Bhadoria, A. S., Kapil, U., Bansal, R., Pandey, R. M., Pant, B., kunye noMohan, A. (2017). Ukudalwa kokungondleki kakhulu kunye nezinto ezinxulumene noluntu phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka emi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5 kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni eMantla eIndiya: Uvavanyo olusekwe kubemi. Ijenali yamayeza osapho kunye nokhathalelo lokuqala, 6 (2), 380-385.
5. [5]IGonmei, Z., kunye neToteja, G. S. (2018). Ubume beMicronutrient yabemi baseIndiya.Ijenali yaseIndiya yophando lwezonyango, i-148 (5), 511-521.
6. [6]UGaayeb, L., Sarr, J. B., uCames, uC., UPinçon, uC., UHanon, uJ. B., u-Ndiath, uM. O.,… uHermann, uE (2014). Iziphumo zokungondleki ekukhuseleni abantwana kwiintsholongwane zintsholongwane eMantla eSenegal.Ijenali yaseMelika yezonyango kunye nococeko, 90 (3), 566-573.
7. [7]USahu, S. K., Kumar, S. G., Bhat, B. V., Premarajan, K. C., Sarkar, S., Roy, G., kunye noJoseph, N. (2015). Ukungondleki phakathi kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu eIndiya kunye neendlela zokulawula. Ijenali yesayensi yendalo, ibhayoloji, kunye namayeza, 6 (1), 18-23.
8. [8]Iilente, L., Wazny, K., kunye neBhutta, Z A. (2016). Ulawulo lokungondleki okuqatha kunye nokumodareyitha okuqatha ebantwaneni Ukuzala, ukuZala, ukuSanda kuzalwa, kunye neMpilo yaBantwana, 205.
9. [9]IHickson M. (2006). Ukungondleki kunye nokuba mdala.Iphepha lezonyango lasemva kwesithuba, 82 (963), 2-8.
10. [10]Wells, J. L., & Dumbrell, A. C. (2006). Isondlo kunye nokuguga: kuvavanywa kunye nonyango lwesimo sokutya esisempilweni kwizigulana ezindala ezibuthathaka Ungenelelo lwezonyango ekugugeni, 1 (1), 67-79.

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