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Ukuzalwa komntwana kuza nenqwaba yeemvakalelo ezintsha, ngakumbi kubazali bexesha lokuqala. Ngoloyiko oluqhelekileyo malunga nokuba bangangqina na ukuba bangabazali abalungileyo kwaye babakhathalele ubomi obuncinci ababuphathisiweyo, kukwakho noloyiko olunxulumene noko malunga nokuba mabenze ntoni xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle.
Kubazali abatsha, ukwazi iiflegi ezibomvu ekufuneka uzilumkele kubaluleke kakhulu. Khumbula, nosana olusandul 'ukuzalwa, kuhlala kungcono ukuba kwicala lokulumkisa. Nxibelelana nodokotela wabantwana ngoko nangoko ukuba uziva ukuba kukho into engalunganga.
Xa ithumbu lakho likuxelela ukuba into ethile icinyiwe nosana lwakho oluxabisekileyo, musa ukuchitha naliphi na ixesha. Fumana uluvo lonyango kwingcali ngokukhawuleza. Sukucela nje usapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo kwaye unethemba lokufumana okuhle. Khumbula, ixesha olichitha uxoxa ngemeko lingasetyenziselwa bhetele ukuyisombulula. Usana lwakho lusenokubandezeleka lonke elixesha uhleli uxoxa nabahlobo bakho.
- Ezinye zeengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezidibana neentsana zezi: ingxaki yokuphefumla, igazi kumchamo okanye isitulo, ulusu olutyheli okanye ukuphaphatheka kunye nomkhuhlane. Enye ingxaki kuxa umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa elele kakhulu okanye kancinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nemfuno yesiqhelo yeminyaka yabo.
- Iiflegi ezibomvu abagcini nabazali bayacetyiswa ukuba bajonge zibandakanya: ukungangxami kwe-diaper engavumi ukwehla nasemva kokufakwa kweekhrim, ukuthamba ngaphakathi kunye nokujikeleza iqhosha lesisu, ukwala ukutya, ukuba nochuku okanye uburhabaxa, urhudo, ukuqhina, ukubanda okungapheliyo, okanye ukungachami rhoqo njengoko kufanelekile.
- Ukuchama rhoqo kunye nokudlula ilindle kubalulekile kwiintsana. Ngokubanzi, ingunobangela wokukhathazeka ukuba usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa aluchamanga kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-24 emva kokuba luzelwe. Kwiintsuku ezimbini zokuqala emva kokuzalwa, umchamo oveliswe ngumntwana oselusana ubugxile kakhulu. Oku kunokuqulatha neekhemikhali ekubhekiswa kuzo njengee-urates ezinokwenza i-diaper ijike ibe pinki ngombala.
- Ukuhamba kwamathumbu okuqala kwelinye icala yinto enamathelayo eluhlaza eluhlaza enamathele ebizwa ngokuba yi-meconium. Ukugqithisa i-meconium kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala emva kokuzalwa kubalulekile. Kukudlula ngempumelelo kwe-meconium okubonisa ukuba konke kusebenza kakuhle namathumbu omntwana. Ukuba i-meconium ayigqithiswanga ngosuku olunye, ukusilela ukwenza oko kunokubonisa isiphene sokuzalwa esikhokelela ekuvaleni kwamathumbu.
- Uphononongo olwenziwe kwi-1,000 ngokulandelelana-ngokuzalwa kweentsana ezizeleyo ezihanjiswa esibhedlele kuvavanywe ixesha lokudlula kwesitulo sokuqala kunye nomchamo. Kubantwana abakwisifundo, malunga neepesenti ezingama-42 bebegqithile kumchamo wabo wokuqala kwiiyure ezintandathu zobudala emva kokubeleka. Ngeeyure ezili-12, iipesenti ezingama-76 bebegqithile kumchamo wabo wokuqala. Malunga ne-95% yazo zonke iintsana kolu phando zazigqithile kumchamo wazo wokuqala kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokuqala emva kokuba bezelwe. [1]
- Ngokufanayo, iipesenti ezingama-96 zeentsana zazidlulisile i-meconium kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-24 zobomi.
- Uphononongo lucebise ukuba ezinye iintsana ezisempilweni ezingakhange zidlulise umchamo kunye ne-meconium ngaphakathi kweeyure ezili-12 zokuzalwa kufuneka zijongwe. Abo bebengawudlulisanga umchamo kunye ne-meconium nasemva kweeyure ezingama-24 kufuneka baphandwe malunga nokuzalwa okungaqhelekanga okunokuthi kube nefuthe kumazinyo abo asezantsi kunye namachiza okuchama. [Mbini]
- Ngokwesiqhelo, umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa uhlala enayo nantoni na ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-8 ye-diapers emanzi ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 ukusukela ngomhla we-4 wobomi babo. Nantoni na engaphantsi komndilili inokubangelwa kukuba umntwana aphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni. Eminye imiqondiso yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kusana olusandul 'ukuzalwa kukungabikho kweenyembezi xa ulila, utshone kwindawo ethambileyo entlokweni yosana, namehlo atshonileyo.
- Olunye uphononongo olwenziwe kwi-11 yamadoda kunye ne-8 yabasetyhini abasandul 'ukuzalwa besebenzisa i-4-iiyure zokujonga ukubonwa kukhokelele ekufumaneni ukuba' ipateni yokuvalwa kwamadoda kunye nabasetyhini ababengaphambi kwexesha babonakaliswa yinto enye ngeyure '. [3]
- Isifundo sifike kwisigqibo sokuba ipateni yokuvalwa kweentsana zaphambi kwexesha ngokuchasene nezifundo ezisisigxina icebise ukonyuka kwenani lezehlo eziphazamisayo ezibonisa 'ukungaziphathi kakuhle kokulungelelanisa i-detrusor-sphincter'. [4]
- Ngaphaya koko, ngokubanzi kukho inani eliphezulu lokungabikho emsebenzini ngexesha lokulala phakathi kweentsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo ezisisigxina. [5]
Izizathu zokuba umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa angachami
Iziphumo ezinciphile zomchamo wosana kunokuba sisalathiso semicimbi ethile yonyango. Kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela wabantwana bakho kwangoko kwezi meko.
1. Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
Ngokwenkcazo yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni yimeko ebangelwa kukuphulukana kakhulu namanzi emzimbeni. Ukugabha urhudo zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ebantwaneni.
Ngokwesiqhelo, iintsana zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukungabikho komzimba njengoko zinenqanaba eliphezulu le-metabolic, lokungakwazi ukunxibelelana neemfuno zabo okanye ukuzihlaziya, kunye nelahleko enganyamezelekiyo. [6]
Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwiintsana kunokubangelwa kukuncipha kokutya ngokuchasene nelahleko eqhubekayo. Ngamaxesha athile, iintsana zinokuthi zijike zibe ngabantu abadlayo, bangavumi ukondla. Oku kuncipha kokutya kunokuba negalelo ekuphelisweni komzimba.
NgokweZiko leLizwe leNgcaciso yeBiotechnology [NCBI], 'ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngoyena nobangela wokugula nokubhubha kweentsana nakubantwana abancinci kwihlabathi liphela'. [7]
Iimpawu kunye neempawu zibonakaliswa emzimbeni kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lesigulana sokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokuhlelwa njengobumnene- 3% ukuya ku-5%, ukumodareyitha - 6% ukuya kwi-10%, kwaye kubenzima - ngaphezulu kwe-10%. [7.1]
Umgangatho wokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni phakathi kosana kunye nomntwana osele ekhulile wahlukile. Ngelixa usana lunokuba nomxholo wamanzi omzimba wonke [i-TBW] yomxholo we-70% -80% yobunzima bomzimba wabo, umntwana okhulileyo unokuba nomxholo we-TBW wama-60% obunzima bomzimba wakhe. [8] Yiyo loo nto, ukuze kufikelelwe kwinqanaba elifanayo lokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni njengomntwana osele ekhulile, usana kuya kufuneka lwehlise ubunzima bomzimba.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu ngokwenqanaba lokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni
| Ubumnene [3% ukuya ku-5%] | Iphakathi [6% ukuya kwi-10%] | Kakhulu [ngaphezulu kwe-10%] | |
| Isimo sengqondo | Eqhelekileyo | Ukucaphuka | Ingqondo eguqukileyo |
| Inqanaba lentliziyo | Eqhelekileyo | Yandisiwe | Yandisiwe |
| Ifuthe legazi | Eqhelekileyo | Eqhelekileyo | Yehlisiwe |
| Amehlo | Eqhelekileyo | Kutshone kancinci | Zimbalwa iinyembezi |
| Iziphumo zomchamo | Eqhelekileyo | Yehlisiwe | Oliguric * |
* Kwiintsana, ngokuba yi-oliguric kuchazwa ukuba unemeko ekuthiwa yi-'oliguria ', oko kukuthi, ukukhutshwa komchamo ngaphantsi kwe-1.0 milliliter ngekhilogram yesisindo ngeyure iiyure ezingama-24.
Ngokwe-American Academy of Pediatrics, iintsana ezincancisayo ezinokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kufuneka ziqhubeke nokonga. Ulwelo olunomxholo ophezulu weswekile kufuneka luthintelwe njengoko lusenza mandundu isihudo.
Ukupheliswa kwamanzi ngokulinganayo, izisombululo zomlomo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni zicetyiswa ngokubanzi.
Ukomelela okuphezulu emzimbeni, kwelinye icala, kufuna ukubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kolwelo olunokufakwa ngaphakathi.
2. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso
Ngokwe-NCBI, 'ukusilela ngamandla kwe-renal [i-ARF] kukuncitshiswa okunokubakho kwizintso ukukhupha inkunkuma ye-nitrogen kunye nokugcina ulwelo kunye ne-electrolyte homoeostasis, edla ngokwenzeka ngaphezulu kweeyure ukuya kwiintsuku.' [9]
Ukungaphumeleli okukhulu kwe-renal kwenzeka malunga ne-8% yeentsana ezingeniswe kwiiyunithi zononophelo lweentsana.
3. Ukwenzakala okukhulu kwezintso
Ngelixa unxibelelene nezintso, njengemeko exoxwe ngaphambili, ukulimala kwezintso okuchaphazelayo kuchazwa njengokuphazamiseka-rhoqo ngaphakathi kweeyure-ukwehla kokusebenza kwezintso. Oku kunokubalelwa kukuphazamiseka okanye ukulahleka komsebenzi kunye nokwenzakala okanye ukonakala kolwakhiwo. [12]
Ukugula okungaziwa kakuhle kweentsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa, izehlo zomonzakalo omkhulu wezintso kwiintsana zihlala zingacacanga xa kungekho nkcazo ibumbeneyo ye-AKI kwiintsana. [13]
Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha zisengozini yokufumana ukulimala kwezintso njengoko zinokuzalwa zingaphantsi kwesiqingatha senani le-nephron xa kuthelekiswa nosana olusisigxina. Inani leefrons kwii-neonates linokuvela kwi-300,000 ukuya kwi-1.8 yezigidi ngentso nganye. Umahluko kwiifrons unokunxulunyaniswa nezinto ezahlukeneyo zofuzo kunye nemeko yokusingqongileyo kwemveku. [14]
Ngaphandle kophononongo lokonzakala okukhulu kwezintso kwiintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ezisala ngasemva kunabantu abadala, nangona kunjalo, kuye kwakho ukwanda kophando kule ndawo kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Izifundo kwizifundo zabantwana abancinci ziye zacebisa ukuba i-AKI iqhele ukubonwa kwiintsana ezizalwe zinesisindo sokuzalwa esisezantsi kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, ezinye iimeko ezinokukhokelela ekonzakaleni kwezintso kwi-neonates zibandakanya i-sepsis kunye nesifo sentliziyo esibelekweni, phakathi kwabanye. [Shumi elinantlanu]
Ukwehla okanye ukungabikho komchamo kusana olusandul 'ukuzalwa akufuneki kuthathwe kancinci. Njalo ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba umntwana wakho akazange ahlambulule i-diaper yabo rhoqo njengoko kufuneka ukuba ubudala babo.
Ungaze uthembele kunyango lwasekhaya okanye nasiphi na isisombululo esikhawulezileyo kwezi meko. Udokotela wezilwanyana uyazi kakuhle. Thembela kugqirha wabantwana. Fumana uluvo lwesibini ukuba awonelisekanga kukuxela kwangaphambili. Qinisekisa ukuba uhlala ufuna ingcebiso kugqirha obhalisiweyo kuphela.
Usana lwakho luxanduva lwakho. Musa ukubaphoxa.
