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UMary Jane, imbiza, ukhula, ingca, i-420 okanye iganja, la magama ezitalato onke achaza into enye: intsangu. Umxholo wengxoxo ophikisayo, obizwa ngokuba yi-Cannabis ngokwesayensi, intsangu ibone ukwanda kokwamkeleka eluntwini kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo-ngakumbi amazwe aliqela asemthethweni ekusetyenzisweni kwentsangu ngokuzonwabisa nangonyango.
Ngelixa i-Cannabis isetyenziselwe amayeza ayo kangangeminyaka, amazwe anje ngeJamaica, iUruguay, iNetherlands, iSpain, iSwitzerland, iCanada, njlnjl. Ziindawo apho umntu anokusebenzisa khona imifuno engama-420 ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokubanjwa okanye ukuhlawuliswa.
Uninzi lwezifundo luchaze izibonelelo zempilo zokusebenzisa intsangu. Enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswayo kukunyanga iimpawu zomhlaza kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zekhemotherapy, ezinje ngokuba nesicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha [1] .
Uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo kwi-marijuana, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cannabinoids, zichongiwe. Izinto ezimbini ezifundwe kakuhle ziikhemikhali ze-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-THC), kunye ne-cannabidiol (CBD). Ezinye ii-cannabinoids ziyafundwa [Mbini] [3] .
Kuluntu lwaseIndiya, amalungiselelo e-cannabis aqhelekileyo abandakanya i-bhang lassi kunye ne-bhang thandai. Ukusukela ngo-2000, ukuxhaphaka kokusetyenziswa kwe-Cannabis e-India kwakuyipesenti ezi-3.2. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwe-bhang kuvunyelwe elizweni, amazwe ahlukeneyo anemithetho yawo yokuthintela okanye yokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo.
NgoJulayi 2019, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-Delhi ivumile ukumamela uxwebhu lwezikhalazo, olufakwe yi-Great Legalization Movement Trust, ecela umngeni kwisibhengezo se-Cannabis.
Kutheni ukusebenzisa iMarijuana kukwenza ukuba ube phezulu?
Imifuno ifumana ipropathi yayo yengqondo ngenxa ye-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), enye ye-483 eyaziwayo kwizityalo. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba intsangu ingakushiya uziva 'uphezulu' okanye 'ugityiselwe ngamatye', unefuthe engqondweni nasemzimbeni kulowo uyisebenzisayo [4] . Ekutshayeni, isiphumo sikhawuleza, ngelixa kuthatha ixesha elininzi xa kuphekiwe kwaye kugqityiwe.
I-THC kwentsangu ivuselela inxenye yengqondo yakho ephendula kulonwabo, njengokutya kunye ngesondo kwaye ikhuphe i-chemical dopamine (i-hormone evayo-elungileyo), ekunika uvuyo, uziva ukhululekile [5] .
Xa utshayiwe, i-THC evela kwentsangu ingena kwigazi lakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane amandla akho kwimizuzwana okanye kwimizuzu. Njengoko izifundo zibonisa, inqanaba le-THC lihlala liphezulu malunga nemizuzu engama-30, kwaye iziphumo zinokuphela kwiiyure eziyi-1-3. Ukuba uyatya okanye usele imifuno, ungathabatha iiyure ukuzenza qete [6] .
Ngaba intsangu iwuchaphazela njani umzimba wakho nengqondo yakho?
Ukususa uxinzelelo ekuphuculeni amajoni akho omzimba, intsangu inokunceda ekupheliseni iintlungu kunye nokuthintela ukwehla kwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu oya kwabelana ngamava afanayo. Izinto zokuqala kuqala, masiqwalasele izibonelelo zempilo yentsangu emzimbeni nasengqondweni yakho.
Izibonelelo zezempilo zentsangu:
- Intsangu inceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwii-eyeballs (uxinzelelo lwe-intraocular), yiyo loo nto inceda ukuthintela i-glaucoma [7] .
- Intsangu inokunceda ukulawula iziqendu kwi umntu onesathuthwane . Isithako esisebenzayo (i-THC) esifunyenwe kwi-marijuana sinokubopha iiseli zengqondo ezinoxanduva lokulawula ukonwaba kunye nokuphumla [8] .
- Intsangu inokuthintela iiseli zomhlaza ekubeni zisasazeke ngokubeka esichengeni i-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-Id-1 [9] .
- Umsebenzi we-psychotropic we-THC unceda ukuphucula imeko yomntu kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo amanqanaba, unxunguphalo kunye ukudakumba iimpawu [10] [Shumi elinanye] .
- Izifundo zicebise ukuba intsangu inokunceda ukulawula iintlungu ezibangelwa isifo sokugubhuka ngokuthintela iintlungu ekufikeleleni kwii-receptors kwimithambo-luvo [12] .
- I-Marijuana kuthiwa iluncedo ekunyangeni izifo zesisu ezinjenge ICrohn's okanye izifo zezilonda [13] .
- Intsangu inceda ekunciphiseni iintlungu nokungcangcazela kunye nokuphucula ukulala kwabaguli abanesifo Isifo sikaParkinson [14] .
- Iziphumo zokuphumla zentsangu zinokunceda abantu abane-PTSD (uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo) [Shumi elinantlanu] .
- Esinye sezibonelelo eziphambili zentsangu yipropathi yayo yokuthambisa, enokuphucula umgangatho wokulala [16] .
Ngoku ukuba uyazi izibonelelo zempilo zentsangu, makhe sijonge nzulu kwindlela ukutshaya intsangu okunokuchaphazela ngayo ingqondo nomzimba wakho.
Ukutshaya intsangu kuyichaphazela njani impilo yakho yengqondo?
Ewe ukutshaya intsangu akubikho mngciphekweni, ngakumbi ukuba uyenza yonke imihla. Impembelelo yemifuno iyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwimbiza, indlela yokusetyenziswa, kunye nembali yakho yokusetyenziswa. Ngokwezifundo, ezi ziindlela zentsangu ezinokuchaphazela ingqondo yakho:
- Intsangu ingalutshintsha uvakalelo lwakho kunye nokugweba kwaye yehlise ukuzibamba kwakho.
- Inokuzonyusa izivamvo zakho, ezinjengemibala inokubonakala ikhanya ngakumbi, kwaye izandi zinokubonakala ngathi zingaphezulu [17] .
- Inokuligqwetha ixesha lakho.
- Inokuphazamisa izakhono zakho zemoto (kungcono ukunqanda ukuqhuba ngelixa uphakamileyo).
- Umntu unokukhulisa i-Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), ukuxhomekeka okuphezulu kwichiza lendalo, okukhokelela ekwehliseni ukuphinda kusebenze kwakhona kwi-dopamine [18] .
- Inokuchaphazela kakubi ukulungelelanisa kunye nexesha lokuphendula, kwaye inkumbulo yexesha elifutshane ihlala iphazamisekile.
- Kwabanye abantu, ukusetyenziswa kwentsangu rhoqo kunokubangela uxinzelelo.
Zithini iziphumo zokuSebenzisa (Ukutshaya, Ukutya, ukusela) iMarijuana?
Umntu omnye kwabali-10 osebenzisa intsangu uya kuba likhoboka [18] . Iingcali zezeMpilo zithi umngcipheko wokuba likhoboka le-marijuana uphezulu xa umntu emncinci oko kukuthi, amathuba okuba likhoboka a-1 kwaba-6 ukuba usebenzisa ukhula kulutsha lwakho.
Ezi zezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezichazwe ngokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwentsangu:
- Amathuba okuxhomekeka emzimbeni kwi-marijuana aphezulu kubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo. Ukuxhomekeka emzimbeni kunokubangela ukucaphuka, ukungazinzi, ukungabikho kokulala kwaye ukutya [19] .
- Intsangu inokuphazamisa ingqondo yakho, yenze kube nzima kuwe ukuba ugxile, ufunde, kwaye ukhumbule izinto (oku ikakhulu sisiphumo sexesha elifutshane). Olunye uphononongo lubonakalisile ukuba intsangu inokutshintsha ubuchopho bomntu ofikisayo [Amashumi amabini] .
- Inokubangela ukudumba kunye nokucaphuka emiphungeni kwaye kunokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla. Oku kukonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana izifo zokuphefumla kuba i-THC inokuwenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba [amashumi amabini ananye] .
- Intsangu inokuyenza buthathaka intliziyo yakho kuba iyenza eyakho Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (ukusuka kuma-50-70 amaxesha ngomzuzu ukuya kuma-70 ukuya kwi-120 ukubetha okanye nangaphezulu ngomzuzu iiyure ezi-3) [22] . Oku kunokubangela umngcipheko owandisiweyo Imiba yentliziyo .
- Abafazi abakhulelweyo abatshayayo banokujamelana nomngcipheko wokuzala abantwana abaphantsi komzimba okanye abazelwe ngaphambi kwexesha. Ingabangela imiba yokuzala kunye nokukhulelwa.
- Ingabangela utshintsho kwinkqubo yakho ye-endocannabinoid, oko kukuthi, iinkqubo zendalo zomzimba wakho, njengemikhwa yakho yokulala, imo yokutya, ukutya, imemori kunye nokuzala.
- Ukuxuba utywala ngenambuzane yonyusa umngcipheko ngokuphindwe kabini.
Ngelixa ezi ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwinqaku elinzima, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwentsangu zezi zilandelayo [2. 3] :
- Ixhala
- Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
- Ukulamba kakhulu
- Umlomo owomileyo
- Ukudideka
- Ukuba nesiyezi
- Ukudinwa
Zithini iimpawu zoTywala beMarijuana?
Ngokutsho kweZiko leSizwe lokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, malunga neepesenti ezilithoba zabantu abasebenzisa intsangu baba ngamakhoboka [24] . Umlutha we-Marijuana awuhambelani nokufa ngokweqile njengezinye iziyobisi. Okwangoku, kunokuba nezinye iziphumo ezibi, kwaye iimpawu zokulutha intsangu zezi zilandelayo:
- Ukungabikho komdla kwimisebenzi (yentlalo kunye nokuzonwabisa)
- Iingxaki zobudlelwane (xa umntu ebeka umzamo omncinci kubuhlobo bakho, usapho, okanye ubudlelwane bothando ngenxa yokusebenzisa intsangu)
- Iimpawu zeempawu zokurhoxa ezinjengokucaphuka, ukungazinzi, ukubila, ukungcangcazela, okanye ukugodola [25]
- Ukunyamezelana
- Ukungakwazi ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa okanye ukuthatha ikhefu
Kwinqaku lokugqibela…
Intsangu ibe sisihloko esinokuxoxwa ixesha elide ngoku. Ngelixa ezinye iindawo zoluntu zikujonga njengokuziyolisa okungafunekiyo, abanye bakubona njengendlela yokuphila.
Eli nqaku alikukhuthazi ukutshaya okanye ukuzonwabisa ngokuzonwabisa kunye nezinye iimveliso zentsangu ezingekho mthethweni. Eli nqaku lenzelwe kuphela iinjongo zolwazi.
